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3 days ago · Mehmed II is recognized as the first sultan to codify criminal and constitutional law, long before Suleiman the Magnificent; he thus established the classical image of the autocratic Ottoman sultan. Mehmed's thirty-year rule and numerous wars expanded the Ottoman Empire to include Constantinople, the Turkish kingdoms and territories of Asia ...
May 27, 2024 · Suleyman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottoman Empire who undertook bold military campaigns and oversaw the development of Ottoman achievements in law and the arts. Among his accomplishments were the codification of a centralized legal system and building up Constantinople as the empire’s capital.
- Süleyman succeeded his father, Selim I, as sultan of the Ottoman Empire in September 1520.
- Süleyman codified a centralized legal system (kanun) for the Ottoman state, expanded both the territory and the revenue of the empire, and built up...
- Süleyman died of natural causes during a campaign to besiege the fortress of Szigetvár in Hungary.
May 27, 2024 · Saladin, Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes. In wars against the Christian Crusaders, he achieved great success with the capture of Jerusalem in 1187, ending its nearly nine decades of occupation by the Franks.
- Paul E. Walker
- Saladin began his military career as a soldier in his uncle’s Egyptian campaign. In 1169 he became vizier of Egypt’s Fāṭimid caliphate, which was a...
- Saladin was a devout Sunni Muslim. He was committed to jihad, a term that in this context refers to a struggle to promote what is right and prevent...
- In 1186/87 the Crusader prince Reginald of Châtillon broke a truce with Saladin, who responded by declaring war. Saladin slaughtered the Crusader a...
- Saladin’s reconquest of Jerusalem in 1187 prompted Pope Gregory VIII to organize the Third Crusade. From 1189 to 1192, Saladin lost Acre and Jaffa...
2 days ago · Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub [a] ( c. 1137 – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, [b] was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from a Kurdish family, he was the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. An important figure of the Third Crusade, he spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant.
May 27, 2024 · Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Muʿizzaddin Waddaulah (born July 15, 1946, Brunei Town [now Bandar Seri Begawan], Brunei) is the 29th sultan of Brunei. Hassanal Bolkiah was the eldest son of Sultan Sir Haji Omar Ali Saifuddin.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
2 days ago · t. e. The Mamluk Sultanate ( Arabic: سلطنة المماليك, romanized : Salṭanat al-Mamālīk ), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks (freed slave soldiers) headed by a sultan.
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May 23, 2024 · Sultan is the name for an Islamic sovereign. Like a monarchy, a sultanate is a government in which supreme power resides in one person. Some sultans have absolute power, and others’ authority is constitutionally limited. There are few sultanates in the world today, but historically, there were more.
