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Aug 14, 2022 · When Britain granted India independence, 75 years ago, the territory it had ruled over was divided, or partitioned, into India and the new state of Pakistan (with East Pakistan later becoming...
- Kashmir Profile
1962 - China defeats India in a short war for control of...
- Kashmir Profile
Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous areas, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated ...
“Partition” – the division of British India into the two separate states of India and Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947 – was the “last-minute” mechanism by which the British were able to secure...
In the aftermath of the Second World War, deeply in debt and with new leadership, the UK had no desire to keep hold of India, where local leaders, including Gandhi, had become increasingly persuasive for the right for independence. But the question was, how should it be handed back to its people?
- Myth 1: The Main Aim Was to Resolve Religious Differences
- Myth 2: Partition Violence Was Spontaneous
- Myth 3: Partition Was The Outcome of Long-Term Planning
- Myth 4: All of India Was Under British Rule
- Myth 5: Partition Had Purely Regional Repercussions
Popular accounts of partition reproduce the British colonial state’s simplistic view of south Asian society just in terms of religious categories – with Hindu and Muslim identities as the biggest groups. Over the decades scholarship has shown that religious difference doesn’t explain partition. Simplistic religious categories in most analyses of pa...
British officials and nationalist leaders saw the violence of this period as the response of an irrational, religious society to complex political negotiations. But there is substantial evidence to show that the violence of partition was not spontaneous. The violence of 1947 was deeply shaped by earlier colonial policies emphasising separate religi...
Calls for the creation of separate states, which came to the fore in 1947, had mixed and uneven support, including within the Muslim political leadership. But these ideasdid not set out how, or when, such states would be created or where their borders would be drawn. Up until late 1946 the British government was very reluctant to support division o...
One-third of India was never under formal British rule but comprised more than 550 princely states. The British government had different constitutional and diplomatic arrangements with these states, all of which required legal negotiation when the British ceded power. Kashmir was one of these princely states. The maharaja, Sir Hari Singh, signed an...
Estimates of people who migrated across the borders created in 1947 range between 10 million and 17.5 million. Many people from areas directly affected by partition violence, and the insecurities that followed from it, have also migrated beyond south Asia to other parts of the world. Communities from Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir, and Sylhet form sizeable...
Aug 15, 2017 · Two hundred years of British rule in India ended, as Winston Churchill had feared, in a “shameful flight”; a “premature hurried scuttle” that triggered a most tragic and terrifying carnage.
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Aug 10, 2017 · “Partition” – the division of British India into the two separate states of India and Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947 – was the “last-minute” mechanism by which the British were able to secure...
