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  2. The presystolic (atrial) gallop sound (S 4) is normally inaudible. The prodiastolic (ventricular) gallop (S 3) may be audible and is normal in children. Innocent systolic murmur (SM) is a common normal finding, especially in children. Ejection sounds (E) are normally inaudible.

  3. Jun 12, 2016 · The presystolic (atrial) gallop sound (S 4) is normally inaudible. The prodiastolic (ventricular) gallop (S 3) may be audible and is normal in children. Innocent systolic murmur (SM) is a common normal finding, especially in children. Ejection sounds (E) are normally inaudible.

  4. A phonocardiogram (PCG) plots recordings of a heart sound and murmur during the cardiac cycle, and analysis of a PCG signal is useful in detecting abnormalities of a heart by using time-frequency analysis and classifications of the heart signals (Milani, Emeroylariffion, Silva, & Nanayakkara, 2021).

  5. The ventricular diastolic gallop occurs during the rapid filling phase of the cardiac cycle and is an excellent indication of cardiac decompensation or ventriculo-atrial regurgitation. Physiologic third heart sounds occur frequently in children and young adults, but are rarely heard in normal subjects over the age of 40 years.

    • Bernard L. Segal, William Likoff
    • 1963
  6. The third heart sound (S 3) is a low-frequency, brief vibration occurring in early diastole at the end of the rapid diastolic filling period of the right or left ventricle (Figure 24.1) Synonymous terms include: ventricular gallop, early diastolic gallop, ventricular filling sound, and protodiastolic gallop.

    • Mark E. Silverman
    • 1990
    • 1990
  7. A phonocardiogram (or PCG) is a plot of high-fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs made by the heart with the help of the machine called the phonocardiograph; thus, phonocardiography is the recording of all the sounds made by the heart during a cardiac cycle.

  8. The ventricular diastolic gallop occurs during the rapid filling phase of the cardiac cycle and is an excellent indication of car­ diac decompensation or ventriculo-atrial regurgitation. Physiologic third heart sounds occur frequently in children and FIGURE 4: Complete heart block with atrial sounds. Atrial sounds (a) follow atrial electrical