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What is 4K upscaling AV receiver?
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What is a 4K pass-through AV receiver?
Jun 3, 2016 · I have been sifting through a shed-load of AV receivers and 4K televisions at the moment for an upgrade. I mainly use my current system for movies either through HD streaming, or MP4, AVI, MKV, blueray format. My question is: If a 4K TV has built in 4k upscaling, is there a need to have a AV receiver also with 4K upscaling capability?
Jul 23, 2019 · The AV receiver with the 4K pass-through feature sends 4K signals from video devices to a 4K TV or 4K projector while maintaining the 4K resolution. The 4K upscaling feature allows low-resolution data to be upscaled to high-resolution 4K signals.
- Overview
- Why do we need 4K upscaling?
- How does 4K upscaling work?
- How to test 4K upscaling in-store
- Which TV brands have the best 4K upscaling?
- What about 8K upscaling?
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By Jamie Carter
last updated 29 November 2021
How it works, why it's important and why some TVs are better at it than others
(Image credit: LG)
4K TVs are everywhere – and they're getting bigger and better. Over the past few years, there's been a resolution revolution as Full HD TVs have become virtually extinct to usher in the new era of TV tech and many improved 4K TVs.
Because there's a 'content gap'. Although we're now firmly in the 4K TV era, we're certainly not all watching 4K content, and full HD images on a 4K panel won't look better, just bigger, without the help of some clever upscaling.
"If you've got a full HD picture coming into the TV and if you didn't upscale it, it would take up just a quarter of the screen," says Gavin McCarron, Technical Marketing & Product Planning Manager at Sony Europe. "It would be then surrounded by an empty screen. What the upscaling process does it to ensure that the picture fills the 4K resolution of the screen."
There are various steps involved in adapting an HD picture for a 4K display. "It begins with an analysis of the signal received to determine what type and resolution it is – live TV or streaming, HD or full HD," says Deep Halder, Senior Product Manager for TV/AV, Samsung UK & Ireland. "Then comes the noise reduction. Edges, textures and details are then analyzed and sharpened accordingly. Finally, the signal is converted to 4K to match the native panel resolution." It's an incredibly involved process that requires powerful processors.
"The picture first comes into the TV from broadcast, Blu-ray, streaming service, whatever, and it gets analyzed for quality," says McCarron. "Sony uses a system of databases that are used to compare how different elements of that picture should look, and once that evaluation is done, the picture is upscaled to what we say is 'near 4K' quality."
Sony claims its 'lens to living room' approach is unique since it takes advantage of Sony Picture's vast experience with producing movies and TV shows, as well as its expertise manufacturing 4K video cameras used by the TV and movie industry.
"When you're upscaling from Full HD to 4K there is a lot of guesswork, and what we're trying to do it to remove as much of the guesswork as possible." Sony's 4K X-Reality PRO, like other picture processors, upscales at a pixel level. "It doesn't just look at the pixel in isolation, it looks at the pixels around it, and on each diagonal, and also it will look up the pixels across multiple frames, to give a consistency in the picture quality," explains McCarron.
If you plan to buy a TV from a physical store, be warned. All TVs that you see on display in stores are ramped-up in terms of brightness to 'look better'.
They're tuned to be much, much brighter than you would ever want a TV to appear in your own home. So when you've wrestled the remote off the salesperson, immediately turn the picture mode from 'vivid' to 'natural' or 'cinema' modes. Then ask to watch something that is not in 4K. The store only really wants to show you what 4K looks like on a 4K TV, which makes sense to them, but given that the majority of what you'll watch on it won't be in 4K, insist on live TV.
That's a tough one to call, but generally speaking, the cheaper the TV, the less likely it is to have 4K cutting-edge upscaling. You can see it in the messaging from all the major brands, which invest heavily in their various picture processing engines, some of which are reserved for their flagship TVs. For example, Philips has Ultra Resolution and its P5 Processor, while Sony has 4K X-Reality PRO for its regular 4K TVs and, for its Master Series, X1 Ultimate processing. Samsung offers UHD Picture Engine, while LG has Picture Master Processor and, on its OLED TVs, the Alpha 9 Processor.
How does the size of your TV factor into this?
Well, all picture processing suites are fixated upon making all kinds of video look good on 4K screens. So is it fair to say that the bigger the TV, the more advanced the upscaling needs to be, and the more powerful the processor should be?
"It's going to make a bigger difference the bigger the TV is," says McCarron. "The pixel density is higher on smaller screens, so it's not as crucial."
If you think Full HD to 4K is tricky, the birth of 8K TVs just upped the ante.
So far, the 85-inch Samsung Q900R 8K QLED TV is all we have to go on, but it's fair to say that its so-called 8K AI Upscaling appears to be ground-breaking in that it uses machine learning, a form of AI.
"Millions of samples are evaluated, often comparing good and poor quality images of the same objects," says Halder. "The differences between the two – noise, blurriness, compression and artifacts – are analyzed (and) the result is an algorithm that accurately calculates how to make a low-quality picture look better." That information is then put into a data bank embedded in the TV’s processor for future use. "Whatever the image source – SD, HD, UHD – the TV has the information to work out for itself what the picture should look like on a native 8K display."
So as screens get both bigger in size and in pixel density, the future of upscaling is certainly AI, but whatever TV you buy, be sure to check out how low-quality sources look on it – don't just fall in love with the 4K demo reel and hand over your cash.
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The AV receiver with the 4K pass-through feature reproduces on a screen 4K signals from video equipment such as 4K-compatible TVs or projectors while maintaining the 4K quality. The 4K upscaling feature allows low-resolution data to be upscaled to high resolution 4K signals.
Dec 19, 2023 · The AV receiver with 4K pass-through function reproduces 4K signals from video playback equipment on 4K-compatible TVs and projectors, while maintaining 4K quality (called 4K pass-through). 4K upscaling allows you to upscale low-resolution source video (such as Full HD (2K)) to 4K high-definition signals.
Nov 13, 2023 · A receiver with a 4K upscaling feature ensures that all your content is compatible with your 4K TV. As 4K content becomes more prevalent, having a device that can upscale content to 4K ensures that your home theater receiver remains relevant and adaptable to the changing landscape of content delivery.
The AV receiver with the 4K pass-through feature reproduces on a screen 4K signals from video equipment such as 4K-compatible TVs or projectors while maintaining the 4K quality. The 4K upscaling feature allows low-resolution data to be upscaled to high resolution 4K signals.
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