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  2. A downward movement or look is directed towards a lower place or a lower level. See full entry for 'downward' Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary .

    • American

      DOWNWARD MOVEMENT meaning | Definition, pronunciation,...

    • Flexion and Extension
    • Abduction, Adduction, and Circumduction
    • Rotation
    • Supination and Pronation
    • Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
    • Inversion and Eversion
    • Protraction and Retraction
    • Depression and Elevation
    • Excursion
    • Superior Rotation and Inferior Rotation

    Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position ...

    Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–lateral) plane of movement. Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction. Adduction brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together. Circumdu...

    Rotationcan occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae. At a pivot joint, one bone rotates in relation to another bone. This is a uniaxial joint, and thus rot...

    Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. In the anatomical position, the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward. This is the supinated position of the forearm. In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel to each other. When the palm of the hand faces backward, the forearm is in the pronated position, a...

    Dorsiflexion and plantar flexionare movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint. Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion, while lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion. These are the only movements available at the ankle j...

    Inversion and eversion are complex movements that involve the multiple plane joints among the tarsal bones of the posterior foot (intertarsal joints) and thus are not motions that take place at the ankle joint. Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversionturns the bottom of the foot away fr...

    Protraction and retractionare anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible. Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball. Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column. For the mandible, p...

    Depression and elevationare downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible. The upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression. These movements are used to shrug your shoulders. Similarly, elevation of the mandible is the upward movement of the lower jaw used to close the mouth or bite on...

    Excursion is the side to side movement of the mandible. Lateral excursion moves the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side. Medial excursionreturns the mandible to its resting position at the midline.

    Superior and inferior rotation are movements of the scapula and are defined by the direction of movement of the glenoid cavity. These motions involve rotation of the scapula around a point inferior to the scapular spine and are produced by combinations of muscles acting on the scapula. During superior rotation, the glenoid cavity moves upward as th...

  3. (c) DOWNWARD MOVEMENT OF DEMAND CURVE. When the price of the commodity falls, the quantity demanded rises. It leads to the downward movement of the demand curve. It is also known as expansion of demand. (d) DIAGRAM. (e)EXPLANATION OF DIAGRAM. When price rises from OP to OP 2 demand falls from OQ to OQ2. This is known as contraction of demand.

  4. A downward movement or look is directed toward a lower place or a lower level. 2. If you refer to a downward trend, you mean that something is decreasing or that a situation is getting worse.

  5. Oftentimes, these bubblelike episodes are followed by sharp downward movements in stock prices that resemble market crashes.

  6. DOWNWARD meaning: 1. moving towards a lower position: 2. mainly US spelling of downwards 3. moving toward a lower…. Learn more.

  7. moving or pointing towards a lower level. the downward slope of a hill. the downward trend in inflation. She was trapped in a downward spiral (= continuous increase) of personal unhappiness. The business was on a downward path, finally closing in 2019. Subsidence is the downward movement of a site on which a building stands.