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Database transaction units
- Database transaction units (DTUs) A database transaction unit (DTU) represents a blended measure of CPU, memory, reads, and writes.
learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/service-tiers-dtu?view=azuresql
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23 definitions of DTU. Meaning of DTU. What does DTU stand for? DTU abbreviation. Define DTU at AcronymFinder.com.
- Overview
- Database transaction units (DTUs)
- Determine the number of DTUs needed by a workload
- Determine DTU utilization
- Hardware configuration
- Compare service tiers
- Resource limits
- DTU benchmark
- Compare DTU-based and vCore purchasing models
- Next steps
Applies to: Azure SQL Database
In this article, learn about the DTU-based purchasing model for Azure SQL Database.
A database transaction unit (DTU) represents a blended measure of CPU, memory, reads, and writes. Service tiers in the DTU-based purchasing model are differentiated by a range of compute sizes with a fixed amount of included storage, fixed retention period for backups, and fixed price. All service tiers in the DTU-based purchasing model provide flexibility of changing compute sizes with minimal downtime; however, there is a switch over period where connectivity is lost to the database for a short amount of time, which can be mitigated using retry logic. Single databases and elastic pools are billed hourly based on service tier and compute size.
For a single database at a specific compute size within a service tier, Azure SQL Database guarantees a certain level of resources for that database (independent of any other database). This guarantee provides a predictable level of performance. The amount of resources allocated for a database is calculated as a number of DTUs and is a bundled measure of compute, storage, and I/O resources.
The ratio among these resources is originally determined by an online transaction processing (OLTP) benchmark workload designed to be typical of real-world OLTP workloads. When your workload exceeds the amount of any of these resources, your throughput is throttled, resulting in slower performance and time-outs.
For single databases, the resources used by your workload don't impact the resources available to other databases in the Azure cloud. Likewise, the resources used by other workloads don't impact the resources available to your database.
DTUs are most useful for understanding the relative resources that are allocated for databases at different compute sizes and service tiers. For example:
•Doubling the DTUs by increasing the compute size of a database equates to doubling the set of resources available to that database.
If you want to migrate an existing on-premises or SQL Server virtual machine workload to SQL Database, see SKU recommendations to approximate the number of DTUs needed. For an existing SQL Database workload, use query-performance insights to understand your database-resource consumption (DTUs) and gain deeper insights for optimizing your workload. ...
To determine the average percentage of DTU/eDTU utilization relative to the DTU/eDTU limit of a database or an elastic pool, use the following formula:
avg_dtu_percent = MAX(avg_cpu_percent, avg_data_io_percent, avg_log_write_percent)
In the DTU-based purchasing model, customers cannot choose the hardware configuration used for their databases. While a given database usually stays on a specific type of hardware for a long time (commonly for multiple months), there are certain events that can cause a database to be moved to different hardware.
For example, a database can be moved to different hardware if it's scaled up or down to a different service objective, or if the current infrastructure in a datacenter is approaching its capacity limits, or if the currently used hardware is being decommissioned due to its end of life.
If a database is moved to different hardware, workload performance can change. The DTU model guarantees that the throughput and response time of the DTU benchmark workload will remain substantially identical as the database moves to a different hardware type, as long as its service objective (the number of DTUs) stays the same.
However, across the wide spectrum of customer workloads running in Azure SQL Database, the impact of using different hardware for the same service objective can be more pronounced. Different workloads may benefit from different hardware configurations and features. Therefore, for workloads other than the DTU benchmark, it's possible to see performance differences if the database moves from one type of hardware to another.
Choosing a service tier depends primarily on business continuity, storage, and performance requirements.
* All read and write IOPS against data files, including background IO (checkpoint and lazy writer).
Important
The Basic, S0, S1 and S2 service objectives provide less than one vCore (CPU). For CPU-intensive workloads, a service objective of S3 or greater is recommended.
Single database storage limits
In Azure SQL Database, compute sizes are expressed in terms of Database Transaction Units (DTUs) for single databases and elastic Database Transaction Units (eDTUs) for elastic pools. To learn more, review Resource limits for single databases. Important Under some circumstances, you may need to shrink a database to reclaim unused space. For more information, see Manage file space in Azure SQL Database.
Elastic pool limits
To learn more, review Resource limits for pooled databases. Important More than 1 TB of storage in the Premium tier is currently available in all regions except: China East, China North, Germany Central, and Germany Northeast. In these regions, the storage max in the Premium tier is limited to 1 TB. For more information, see P11-P15 current limitations. Important Under some circumstances, you may need to shrink a database to reclaim unused space. For more information, see manage file space in Azure SQL Database.
Physical characteristics (CPU, memory, IO) associated with each DTU measure are calibrated using a benchmark that simulates real-world database workload.
Learn about the schema, transaction types used, workload mix, users and pacing, scaling rules, and metrics associated with the DTU benchmark.
While the DTU-based purchasing model is based on a bundled measure of compute, storage, and I/O resources, by comparison the vCore purchasing model for Azure SQL Database allows you to independently choose and scale compute and storage resources.
The vCore-based purchasing model also allows you to use Azure Hybrid Benefit for SQL Server to save costs, and offers Serverless and Hyperscale options for Azure SQL Database that are not available in the DTU-based purchasing model.
Learn more about purchasing models and related concepts in the following articles:
•For details on specific compute sizes and storage size choices available for single databases, see SQL Database DTU-based resource limits for single databases.
•For details on specific compute sizes and storage size choices available for elastic pools, see SQL Database DTU-based resource limits.
•For information on the benchmark associated with the DTU-based purchasing model, see DTU benchmark.
Looking for the definition of DTU? Find out what is the full meaning of DTU on Abbreviations.com! 'Data Terminal Unit' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource.
But what exactly is DTU, and what does it stand for? This article aims to unravel the meaning of DTU and delve into its applications, including its role in 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies. We will also explore the differences between DTU and modems, as well as DTU and industrial routers .
The abbreviation DTU stands for Technical University of Denmark, a renowned institution specializing in engineering and technology research and education located in Lyngby, Denmark. DTU is recognized for its innovative approaches and collaboration with industry.
Definition of DTU in Information Technology. What does DTU stand for?
