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On 30 December 1922, with the treaty on the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia (the RSFSR), alongside the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR, formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
- Russian
- Ukrainian SSR
- Byelorussian SSR
- Uzbek SSR
- Kazakh SSR
- Georgian SSR
- Azerbaijan SSR
- Lithuanian SSR
- Moldavian SSR
- Latvian SSR
The Russian republic that appeared after the 1917 Revolution and the fall of the Russian Empire, was actually the cradle of the future Soviet Union. The Bolsheviks even moved the capital to Moscow to underline that a new state had been formed. RSFSR had a complicated inner structure with several autonomous republics within it. And after the collaps...
Ukraine’s capital Kiev was the first Russian capital and is considered to be the ‘mother of Russian cities’. Ukraine was also a long term part of the Russian Empire, but after the Revolution acted like an independent state. In 1940 and after World War II Ukraine’s territory was expanded. Read more on what life was like in Soviet Ukraine.
Historically, part of Belarus belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and part to the Russian Empire. The Belorussian republic first appeared in 1919 after its territory was freed from German occupation during World War I. So it became another ‘founding father’ of the USSR and got its new capital, Minsk. The final borders of the country wer...
In 1920 two Central Asian countries, the Khanate of Khiva and the Emirate of Bukhara, disappeared after revolutions. As a result, in their places the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic appeared, which joined the Soviet Union in 1923. Within a year Soviet authorities committed to a new national delimitation, a...
The territories of the Soviet Kazakh republic and the current Kazakhstan used to be part of Russia. After a range of different autonomies, in its place, the Kazakh republic finally appeared as a separate republic during the national delimitation of Soviet Central Asian territory in 1924. The city of Almaty became the capital in 1929. Read more: Why...
Georgia has been part of the Russian Empire since 1801. After the revolution, it joined the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which became one of those which founded the USSR. Later, in 1936, Transcaucasian republic was separated into three Soviet Socialist republics: Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia.. At the same year its capital ...
The Bolsheviks seized power in Azerbaijan in 1920, and with the help of local party members. The republic was initially independent, but in 1922 joined the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that formed the USSR. And just like the Georgian republic, Azerbaijan appeared during the division of the Transcaucasian in 1936. The capital ...
The Baltic countries Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were the last republics to join the USSR. The large territory of Lithuania became part of the Russian Empire during the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After Germany's occupation of Lithuania during World War I, the country gained independence. With the beginning of World War II, ...
Moldavia joined the USSR just before the Baltic countries, in early 1940. The republic was formed from the territory of Bessarabia. Historically, in the 19th century it was part of the Russian Empire, but after the 1917 Revolution, it became a Romanian territory. The Soviet government asked for it back, and to avoid conflict, Romania agreed. Read m...
The Governorate of Livonia used to be part of the Russian Empire, and just like Lithuania it was occupied by the Germans in World War I. A Latvian republic appeared in 1918, but was independent until 1939. As a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop non-aggression pact, Latvia was secretly declared a Soviet sphere of influence. When the Nazis started Wor...
The number of the union republics of the USSR varied from 4 to 16. From 1956 until its dissolution in 1991, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. (In 1956, the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, created in 1940, was absorbed into the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.)
- Russia. After the Soviet Union dissolved, its preeminent republic endured political dysfunction and struggled to privatize its central command economy. While oligarchs accumulated great wealth, most Russians faced high inflation and supply shortages.
- Ukraine. Once known as Europe’s breadbasket for its plentiful wheat fields, Ukraine accounted for a quarter of the USSR’s agricultural production. Since independence, the country’s politics have lurched between pro-Russian and pro-European governments.
- Belarus. Soviet vestiges such as the KGB and a highly centralized economy have endured in post-independence Belarus. The country’s only post-Soviet president, Alexander Lukashenko, consolidated near-absolute power through a repressive regime that has allegedly rigged elections, jailed political opponents and silenced the press.
- Moldova. The Moldavian SSR joined the Soviet Union in 1940 after the USSR annexed it following its secret 1939 non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany. After independence, pro-Russian and pro-EU politicians have vied for control of Moldova.
Even after ten more republics were added, for a total of fifteen republics, the RSFSR remained the largest, with more than half the population and three-quarters of the USSR's territory (6,591,000 square miles). Moscow was the capital of both the RSFSR and the USSR as a whole.
4 days ago · Following the 1917 Revolution, four socialist republics were established on the territory of the former empire: the Russian and Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics and the Ukrainian and Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republics.
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The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a federation of Soviet Republics that were outwardly independent nations, but existed essentially as satellite states under the control of Russian power.
