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When the Seven Years' War spread to New France, King Louis XV sent Brigadier General Montcalm to the colonies as Commander-in-Chief, with Colonel Chevalier de Levis now as his second-in-command and Capitaine Louis Antoine de Bougainville as his new aide-de-camp.
Sep 10, 2024 · Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Grozon, marquis de Montcalm was a general who served as commander in chief of French forces in Canada (1756–59) during the Seven Years’ War, a worldwide struggle between Great Britain and France for colonial possessions. Montcalm joined the army as an ensign at age nine.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Military Education
- Campaign in Canada
- Seige of Quebec
- Legacy
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm was born at the Château de Candiac, in Languedoc, France on 28 February 1712, to a family of the lesser nobility, with a tradition of military service dating back to the 17th century. He began his own military career at the age of nine, when his parents purchased him a training position in the Hainaut regiment. He was promo...
In 1755, Montcalm was staying at Versailles when he was asked to take command of the French forces in North America, which had already engaged in major confrontations with the British. The 44-year-old veteran was appointed to the rank of maréchal de camp(general). He accepted this commission reluctantly: he did not desire it for himself, but the la...
Montcalm’s promotion made him almost equal in rank to Governor Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil, with whom his relations were tense, but he still had to consider the governor’s views before taking action. In the summer of 1759, Quebec City was attacked by a British expeditionary force led by General James Wolfe. The 10,000 British soldiers formed a sm...
In 2001, Montcalm’s remains were transferred to the cemetery of the Hôpital-Général de Québec in a ceremony led by Quebec premier Bernard Landry. Montcalm lies there still, in a mausoleum dedicated to him. Several monuments now honour the memory of this man who gave his life for the defence of New France. One is a statue on the façade of Quebec’s p...
At the outbreak of the War of the Austrian Succession Montcalm obtained the post of aide-de-camp to lieutenant-general the Marquis de La Fare and was wounded while besieged with the army of the Mar chal de Belle-Isle in Prague. During the famous retreat from Bohemia he served with the rearguard.
But Montcalm is best known as the general who lost the Battle of Quebec in 1759. He led a valiant three-month defense of the city before his French forces were finally overcome by British troops under General James Wolfe (1727-1759; see entry).
Louis Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon, Marquis de Montcalm (1712–1759) was a major general in the French military. He received a commission at age nine, began active duty at 20, and fought and was wounded in numerous battles before being named commander of all French forces in New France in 1756.
Montcalm, satisfied with his exploits, solicited a promotion to lieutenant general. He was also able to secure a raise in salary, claiming that he was in debt for the good of the colony....
