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Jan 26, 2022 · Given widespread population declines of apex predators, understanding and predicting the associated ecological consequences is a priority. When predation risk is relatively unpredictable or uncontrollable by prey, the loss of predators is hypothesized to release prey from stress; however, there are few tests of this hypothesis in the wild.
Jan 26, 2022 · When predation risk is relatively unpredictable or uncontrollable by prey, the loss of predators is hypothesized to release prey from stress; however, there are few tests of this hypothesis in the ...
ments for apex predators (Prugh et al. 2009). Size may in fact be a reliable predictor of a predator ’ s ecological status, refl ecting diff erences in evolutionary pressures and adapta-tion. A mesopredator may therefore remain a mesopreda-tor even in systems devoid of larger predators, and an apex predator need not be the single largest.
reactions of prey to predators (e.g., food –risk trade-offs) are not simply an artifact of predator encounter rates and often depend on predator hunting mode, anti-predator behavior, and on landscape features that can influence the probability of death given an encounter with a predator (Schmitz 2008, Heithaus et al. 2009). The predation-stress
Aug 13, 2009 · A search of the literature using Web of Science (keywords used: apex predator, carnivore, interspecific killing, mesopredator, mesopredator release, predator interaction, trophic cascade) between the years of 1972 and 2009, as well as cross-citations and in press manuscripts from colleagues yielded an initial total of 94 studies of the effects of vertebrate apex predators on mesopredators and prey communities in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
- Euan G. Ritchie, Christopher N. Johnson
- 2009
Feb 16, 2015 · Abstract. Large ‘apex’ predators influence ecosystems in profound ways, by limiting the density of their prey and controlling smaller ‘mesopredators’. The loss of apex predators from much of their range has lead to a global outbreak of mesopredators, a process known as ‘mesopredator release’ that increases predation pressure and ...
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Aug 8, 2022 · Efficient harvesting by trapping, hunting and fishing using tools to subvert prey defences has enabled humans to kill an unprecedented variety of species, to target high trophic level prey that most other predators cannot access (e.g. adult bluefin tuna; Thunnus thynnus), and focus on large reproductive-aged individuals within populations (e.g. age 2- to 6-year-old moose; Alces alces) that are often most costly for apex predators to hunt (Darimont et al., 2015).
