Search results
Benares State. Banaras State, initially known as Banaras kingdom or Kashi Kingdom, was a kingdom and later princely state under the Narayan Dynasty [1][2] in what is today Uttar Pradesh, India. The state was founded by the Gautam Bhumihar Brahmin zamindar, Balwant Singh, who assumed the title of "Raja of Benares" in mid 18th century, taking ...
- Overview
- History
- The contemporary city
Varanasi, city, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located on the left bank of the Ganges (Ganga) River and is one of the seven sacred cities of Hinduism. Pop. (2001) city, 1,091,918; urban agglom., 1,203,961; (2011) city, 1,198,491; urban agglom., 1,432,280.
Varanasi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the first major urban settlements in the middle Ganges valley. By the 2nd millennium bce Varanasi was a seat of Vedic religion and philosophy and was also a commercial and industrial centre famous for its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculpture. It was the capital of the kingdom of Kashi during the time of the Buddha (6th century bce), who gave his first sermon nearby at Sarnath. Varanasi remained a centre of religious, educational, and artistic activities as attested by the celebrated Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang, who visited it about 635 ce and said that the city extended for about 3 miles (5 km) along the western bank of the Ganges.
Britannica Quiz
Discover India
Varanasi subsequently declined during three centuries of Muslim occupation, beginning in 1194. Many of the city’s Hindu temples were destroyed during the period of Muslim rule, and learned scholars fled to other parts of the country. The Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century brought some relief to the city’s religious and cultural activities. There was another setback during the reign of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the late 17th century, but later the Marathas sponsored a new revival. Varanasi became an independent kingdom in the 18th century, and under the subsequent British rule it remained a commercial and religious centre.
Varanasi has the finest river frontage in India, with miles of ghats, or steps, for religious bathing; an array of shrines, temples, and palaces rises tier on tier from the water’s edge. The inner streets of the city are narrow, winding, and impassable for motor traffic; the newer outer suburbs are more spacious and are laid out more systematically. The sacred city is bounded by a road known as Panchakosi; devout Hindus hope to walk that road and visit the city once in a lifetime and, if possible, to die there in old age. The site receives more than a million pilgrims each year. In addition, thousands of domestic and foreign tourists flock to the city annually, and tourism-related activities constitute a significant component of the local economy.
Among the city’s numerous temples, the most-venerated are those of Vishvanatha (Vishwanath), dedicated to Shiva; that of Sankatmochana (Sankat Mochan), dedicated to the monkey-god Hanuman; and that of Durga. The Durga Temple is famous for the swarms of monkeys that inhabit the large trees near it. The Great Mosque of Aurangzeb is another prominent religious building. Two of the more important modern temples are those of Tulasi Manas and the Vishvanatha on the campus of the Banaras Hindu University. The Gyanvapi Mosque, adjacent to the modern Vishvanatha temple, became a source of contention in the late 20th century, as some Hindus pushed to restore the temple that had been destroyed on that site in the 17th century. The city has hundreds of other temples. At Sarnath, a few miles north of Varanasi, there are ruins of ancient Buddhist monasteries and temples as well as temples built by the Maha Bodhi Society and by the Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan Buddhists.
Students save 67%! Learn more about our special academic rate today.
Learn More
Varanasi has been a city of Hindu learning through the ages. There are innumerable schools and countless Brahman pandits (learned scholars), who are responsible for the continuation of traditional learning. There are three universities, including the large and important Banaras Hindu University (1915), and more than a dozen colleges and high schools.
The city is a centre of arts and crafts and of music and dance. Varanasi is famous for its production of silks and brocades with gold and silver thread work. A renowned carpet-weaving centre is at Bhadoi. Wooden toys, bangles made of glass, ivory work, and brassware are also produced in Varanasi.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Varanasi (ISO: Vārāṇasī, Hindi: [ʋaːˈraːɳəsi] ⓘ; [a] also Benares, Banaras (Banārasa [bəˈnaːrəs] ⓘ) [13] [14] [15] or Kashi (Kāśī ⓘ) [16]) is a city on the Ganges river in northern India that has a central place in the traditions of pilgrimage, death, and mourning in the Hindu world.
Benares was the headquarters of Benares District in the Benares Division of United Provinces during the British period. It had a cantonment with a British and Native garrison. Map of Benares
- 80.71 m (265 ft)
- Varanasi
- 25.282009°N 82.956336°E
- Uttar Pradesh
[1] [2] In 1911, Benares became a full-fledged princely state of British India and the Narayan dynasty ruled it as British vassals until they acceded to independent India in 1947. [3] Even today, the Kashi Naresh, the titular ruler of the dynasty, is deeply revered by the people of Benares.
Jan 14, 2024 · By the end of the eighteenth century, images of Benares had caught the attention of people back in the British metropole, with landscape painter William Hodges publishing picturesque views of...
People also ask
Who ruled Benares?
When did Benares become a part of India?
What is the history of Benares & Varanasi?
How old is Benares?
Raja Chait Singh of Benares State (r.1771–1781) of Varanasi. Raja Chait Singh ruled the Benares State from 1771-1781 CE. He waged an exhausting guerrilla war against the rival Oudh camp using his own troops. This forced the Nawab of Oudh to withdraw his main force from the region.
