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What is the history of Jerusalem?
When did Jerusalem become a holy city?
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Why is Jerusalem important?
Jerusalem is one of the world's oldest cities, with a history spanning over 5,000 years. Its origins trace back to around 3000 BCE, with the first settlement near the Gihon Spring. The city is first mentioned in Egyptian execration texts around 2000 BCE as "Rusalimum."
- Early History of Jerusalem
- The Ottoman Empire
- The Temple Mount
- Dome of The Rock
- Western Wall
- Church of The Holy Sepulchre
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Over Jerusalem
- Modern-Day Jerusalem
- Sources
Scholars believe the first human settlements in Jerusalem took place during the Early Bronze Age—somewhere around 3500 B.C. In 1000 B.C., King Davidconquered Jerusalem and made it the capital of the Jewish kingdom. His son, Solomon, built the first holy Temple about 40 years later. The Babylonians occupied Jerusalem in 586 B.C., destroyed the Templ...
The Ottoman Empireruled Jerusalem and much of the Middle East from about 1516 to 1917. After World War I, Great Britain took over Jerusalem, which was part of Palestine at the time. The British controlled the city and surrounding region until Israelbecame an independent state in 1948. Jerusalem was divided during the first 20 years of Israel’s exis...
The Temple Mount is a compound located on a hill in Jerusalem that’s comprised of about 35 acres of land. It contains religious structures such as the Western Wall, the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque. This ancient landmark is the holiest place in Judaism. References to the area date back to Abraham’s near-sacrifice of his son Isaac in Jewish s...
In A.D. 691, the Dome of the Rock, a gold-domed Islamic shrine, was built on the site of the destroyed Jewish Temples in Jerusalem. The Dome, located on the Temple Mount, was built by Caliph Abd al-Malik. It’s the oldest surviving Islamic building and was constructed at the very site where Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to heaven. During the Cru...
The Western Wall is a section of ancient remnant wall from the second Jewish Temple. It’s located on the western side of the Temple Mount and is sometimes referred to as the “Wailing Wall” because many Jews pray and weep at the site of the destroyed Temple. Each year, millions of Jews from around the world visit the wall. Because Muslims control th...
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built in A.D. 335, is the site where many Christians believe Jesus was crucified and where his resurrection occurred. It’s located in the Christian quarter of Jerusalem. Thousands of Christian pilgrims from around the world travel to this church each year. Many regard it as the holiest Christian site in the world.
Since Israel’s independence, clashes between Israelis and Palestinians over key territories in Jerusalem have been ongoing. Jewish law forbids Jews from praying in the Temple Mount. Yet, Israeli forces allow hundreds of Jewish settlers to enter the area routinely, which some Palestinians fear could lead to an Israeli takeover. In fact, one key even...
Today, tensions are still high in and around the city of Jerusalem. Confrontations between Israeli forces and Palestinians are commonplace. Many international groups and countries support efforts to divide Jerusalem into Israeli and Palestinian sections. But, securing a plan that everyone agrees on is difficult. While Jerusalem’s future remains unc...
Why is Jerusalem important? The Guardian. History of Jerusalem: Timeline for the History of Jerusalem. Jewish Virtual Library. Brief history of Jerusalem. Jerusalem Municipality. History of Jerusalem from Its Beginning to David. Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies. What makes Jerusalem so holy? BBC News. What is Jerusalem? Vox Media. What...
Sep 20, 2024 · Jerusalem is an ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. Long an object of veneration and conflict, Jerusalem has been governed by an extended series of dynasties and states over centuries.
539 BCE - Persian Ruler Cyrus the Great Conquers Babylonian Empire, Including Jerusalem. 516 BCE - Cyrus Permits Jews in Babylonian Exile to Return to Jerusalem; Second Temple Built. 445-425 BCE - Nehemiah the Prophet Rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem; City Confined to Eastern Hill.
Sep 20, 2024 · In 587/586 bce the city and Temple were completely destroyed by Nebuchadrezzar II (Nebuchadnezzar), and the Hebrew captivity began. It ended in 538 bce when Cyrus II (the Great) of Persia, who had overcome Babylon, permitted the Jews, led by Zerubbabel, of the Davidic house, to return to Jerusalem.
Demographic history of Jerusalem by religion based on available data. Jerusalem's population size and composition has shifted many times over its 5,000-year history. Since the 19th century, the Old City of Jerusalem has been divided into Jewish, Muslim, Christian, and Armenian quarters.
Dec 19, 2019 · The major source for the history of ancient Jerusalem is the Bible and the writings of Flavius Josephus (36-100 CE). In the 19th century, archaeological excavations began in and around Jerusalem essentially to try to prove the biblical stories and to affirm the existence of its major characters such as King David and Solomon .
