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A test-cosmonaut has a more difficult preparation than a research-cosmonaut and can be the commander or the flight engineer of a spacecraft, while a research-cosmonaut cannot. Higher ranks include pilot-cosmonaut, test-cosmonaut instructor, and research-cosmonaut instructor.
Jun 5, 2021 · Getty Images. Astronauts and cosmonauts effectively do the same job, but the difference in their job titles is mainly down to who they're trained up by.
Mar 4, 2020 · Astronaut requirements have changed with NASA’s goals and missions. Today, to be considered for an astronaut position, applicants must meet the following qualifications: Be a U.S. citizen. Possess a master’s degree* in a STEM field, including engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science or mathematics, from an ...
NASA Spent Millions to Develop a Pen that Would Write in Space, whereas the Soviet Cosmonauts Used a Pencil. The problem of weightless writing was not solved by either Soviet central planning...
v. t. e. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin —the first man in the outer space. The Soviet space program [1] ( Russian: Космическая программа СССР, romanized : Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR) was the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), active from 1955 until the dissolution of the Soviet ...
Apr 17, 2024 · Quick Facts. The first class of NASA astronauts was selected in 1959. They are known as the Mercury 7. Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots. When Expedition 1 arrived at the International Space Station on Nov. 2, 2000, there has been a continuous ...
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Jun 30, 2021 · Article. The Soviet Union established the first experimental space station in Earth orbit in June 1971, when Soyuz 11 cosmonauts Georgi T. Dobrovolski, Vladislav N. Volkov, and Viktor I. Patsayev boarded Salyut and spent more than three weeks aboard the laboratory conducting a variety of experiments.
