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Toghrul III (Persian: طغرل سوم) (died 1194) was the last sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire and the last Seljuk Sultan of Iraq.His great uncle Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (c. 1134–1152) had appointed Shams ad-Din Eldiguz (c. 1135/36–1175) as atabeg of his nephew Arslan-Shah, [2] [failed verification] the son of his brother Toghrul II, and transferred Arran to his nephew's possession as iqta in 1136.
Toghrul III (Persian: طغرل سوم) (died 1194) was the last sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire and the last Seljuk Sultan of Iraq. His great uncle Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud ( c. 1134–1152) had appointed Shams ad-Din Eldiguz ( c. 1135/36–1175) as atabeg of his nephew Arslan-Shah, [2] [ failed verification ] the son of his brother Toghrul II , and transferred Arran to his nephew's possession as iqta in 1136.
Toggle Second reign subsection. ... Toghrul took his place and commanded the Keraites around 1165. ... he started by killing his brothers between 1165 and 1171. [7]
- Status of The Empire in 1160
- Reign of Arslan Shah II
- Reign as Figurehead Sultan
- Events Between 1187 – 1190
- Events of 1192 - 1194
- Breaking The Truce
- Battle of Rey
- Assessment
- Family
The Great Seljuk Empire, founded by Tughril and significantly expanded by Alp Arslan, stretched from Anatolia and Syria in the west to the Ghaznavid Empire in the east, from the Black and Caspian Sea and the Syr Darya in the north and Persian Gulf in the south. The empire had fragmented when Arslan Shah II assumed the throne in 1161. He nominally r...
After the murder of Sultan Suleiman-Shah in 1161, Eldiguz marched on Hamadan with an army of 20,000 cavalry and installed the 28 year old Arslan Shah II(c.1161 – 1176) as the Seljuk Sultan of Iraq with the support of other Atabegs, and Eldiguzid took the title “Atabeg Al Azam (Supreme Atabeg)” and supervised the new Sultan, who now married Khatun-i...
Toghrul III was seven years old when he began his reign, he was well treated by Jahan Pahlvan, who remained the effective ruler of the empire, with his brother Muzzafar Al-Din Qizil Arslan Uthman as his chief subordinate in Tabriz, who was also Atabeg of Abu Baker, one of the sons of Jahan Pahlvan. Jahan Pahlvan managed to stop the invasion of Sala...
The rebel army consisted of the forces of the Amirs of Zenjan and Maragha, the retainers of both Kamal Ai-Aba, head of the Mamluks, and of Saif al-Din Rus, husband of Innach Khatun, while Toghrul himself received significant support from Turkmens, and their combined army forced Qizil Arslan to leave Hamadan after some clashes. Toghrul undertook two...
Toghrul eluded the pursuers sent by Abu Bakr and quickly assembled an army from his supporters and Turkmens, then marched east and defeated the army of Qutlugh Inanch Muhammad and Amir Amiran Umar near Qazvin on June 22, 1192, and won over a large part of the enemy soldiers after his victory. Qutlug-Inach and Amiran Omar then attacked Abu Bakr in A...
Toghrul felt threatened with the presence of a hostile force in Rey, which was a strategic town commanding communication with Jibal and Azerbaijan was unacceptable to the Sultan. The Sultan marched towards Rey with his available forces in March 1193, defeated and killed Tamghach, captured Rey and drove out the Khrarizmian forces from the province. ...
Sultan Toghrul marched towards Rey, and on his way he received a letter from the Senior Hajib to the Khwarizm Shah Tekish, Shihab ad-Din Mas‘ud, advising the Sultan to march south to Sawa, return Rey to Khwarizm and allow Rey to be governed by the Shah's son, who would be under the suzerainty of Toghrul. The Sultan discussed the proposal with his c...
Toghrul was seven years old when he came to the throne, and being disgruntled with the harsh treatment of Qizil Arslan, availed the first opportunity at the age of 19 to break the Eldiguzid shackles and become the first Seljuk ruler after Sultan Muhammad II ibn Mahmud who tried to assert direct rule over his domain. His resources were limited to th...
Toghrul and at least two sons and one daughter. Malik Shah and his brother were taken as hostages to Gurganj, and they were executed on the order of Terken Khatun, mother of Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad II in 1220 to prevent their falling in the hands of the Mongols. The daughter, Malika Khatun, first married Ozbeg, youngest son of Muhammad Jahan Pahla...
Oct 27, 2021 · Examples of rulers to hold the title of Sultan of Seljuk Empire include Malik Shah I (reign – 1072-1092), Mahmud bin Malik Shah (reign: 1092-1094), and Muhammad I Tapar (reign: 1105-1118). During the reigns of Alp-Arslan and Malik-Shah, the Seljuq Empire grew to cover all of Syria, Palestine, Iran and many other Mesopotamian areas.
In 1190 he tried to free himself from the tutelage of the Atabeg of Azerbaijan, Kizil Arslan, but he was overthrown and imprisoned by the latter, who proclaimed himself sultan. The usurper was assassinated the following year and Toghrul regained his throne. On 19 March 1194, he was defeated and killed near Ray in the war that he had waged ...
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He spent his reign conquering cities, destroying the citadel of Ray in the process, but was unable to hold any cities long enough to rebuild them. [62] Toghrul III, however, was defeated by Ala al-Din Tekish , Shah of Khwarazmian Empire , and the Seljuk Empire finally collapsed in 1194.
