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    • Turkish War of Independence

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      • The successful Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against the occupying Allies, led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy in 1922, formally ending the Ottoman Empire.
      en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
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  2. decline of the Ottoman Empire, period of Ottoman history that followed the empire’s zenith in the 16th century until its dissolution in the 20th century. The Ottoman Empire saw a remarkable expansion in the 14th and 15th centuries.

    • Ottoman

      The Ottoman Empire began at the very end of the 13th century...

    • Fast Facts

      The Ottoman Empire sided with Germany in World War I...

  3. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.

    • Overview
    • The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of expansion
    • Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c. 1300–1402

    The Ottoman Empire was founded in Anatolia, the location of modern-day Turkey. Originating in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey), the Ottoman dynasty expanded its reign early on through extensive raiding. This was enabled by the decline of the Seljuq dynasty, the previous rulers of Anatolia, who were suffering defeat from Mongol invasion.

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    Read more about Anatolia.

    How did the Ottoman Empire start?

    The Ottoman Empire began at the very end of the 13th century with a series of raids from Turkic warriors (known as ghazis) led by Osman I, a prince (bey) whose father, Ertugrul, had established a power base in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey). Osman and his warriors took advantage of a declining Seljuq dynasty, which had been severely weakened by the Mongol invasions. The Ottoman dynasty continued to expand for several generations, controlling much of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa at its peak. Osman’s grandson Murad I laid the foundation for an institutionalized Ottoman state, continued by Murad’s son Bayezid I.

    The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were amalgamated with those i...

    In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia along with a ...

  4. Jan 10, 2020 · From the Ottoman Empire’s remains arose the modern nation of Turkey. What caused the once awe-inspiring Ottoman Empire to collapse? Historians aren’t in complete agreement but below are...

  5. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia. [93]

  6. Oct 10, 2023 · Six centuries old, with a body slumped across three continents, the Ottoman Empire had fallen behind the West and nationalism was biting at its extremities. In its place would rise a secular republic, in which the sultan’s subjects would become modern citizens, the age-old privileges and discriminations based on religion and sex would be ...

  7. The Ottoman Empire sided with Germany in World War I (1914–18); postwar treaties dissolved the empire, and in 1922 the sultanate was abolished by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who proclaimed the Republic of Turkey the following year.