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Learn about the early history of San Francisco, from its Native American origins to its Spanish and Mexican colonization, and its role in the Gold Rush and the hippie movement. Explore the city's geography, culture, economy, and landmarks through various periods and events.
- San Francisco: Prehistory and Founding
- San Francisco: Mexican Rule, American Takeover
- San Francisco: Gold Rush and Rapid Growth
- San Francisco: Earthquake, Fire and Recovery
- San Francisco: World War II and The Cold War
- San Francisco: Counterculture
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The first inhabitants of the San Francisco area arrived around 3000 B.C. By the 16th century, when the first Europeans sailed along the Californiacoast (always missing the Golden Gate due to fog), the area was inhabited by the Ohlone-speaking Yelamu tribe. The first westerners to see the bay were members of the 1769 Portola expedition. Seven years ...
In 1821, Mexicowon its independence from Spain, cementing the decline of the mission era. In 1835 an American, William Richardson, became the first permanent resident of Yerba Buena. By the 1840s dozens more Americans came to Alta California and began agitating for independence. After a briefly declared “California Republic,” they welcomed the arri...
On January 24, 1848, the first gold was found at Sutter’s Fort, in the California foothills. Within months, San Francisco (renamed from Yerba Buena in 1847) became the central port and depot of the frenzied Gold Rush. Over the next year, arriving “forty-niners” increased the city’s population from 1,000 to 25,000 The city was lawless and wild, its ...
On April 18, 1906, the San Andreas Fault slipped more than 10 feet, unleashing a massive earthquake later estimated at 7.8 on the Richter scale. The tremors broke water mains and triggered fires that raged for four days, killing 3,000 people, destroying 25,000 buildings and leaving 250,000 homeless. The city rebuilt quickly with an improved city ce...
San Francisco was the main point of embarkation for World War II’s Pacific theater, and the region became a major arms production center. After Pearl Harbor, the city’s Japanese residents were forced into internment camps far inland. Their abandoned neighborhood was soon filled by African-Americans arriving from the South to work in the war industr...
San Francisco has maintained its reputation as a center of cultural bohemianism. In earlier years it had drawn writers from Mark Twainto Jack London, and it became a center for the 1950s beat poets and for the Haight-Ashbury hippie counterculture that peaked with the 1967 “Summer of Love.” Long a hotbed of environmental, labor and women’s rights ac...
Learn about the history of San Francisco, from its prehistoric origins to its modern role as a cultural and technological hub. Explore its Spanish, Mexican, American and Chinese influences, its Gold Rush, earthquakes, wars and counterculture movements.
3 days ago · San Francisco, city and port, coextensive with San Francisco county, northern California, U.S., located on a peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. It is a cultural and financial centre of the western United States and one of the country’s most cosmopolitan cities.
Learn about the history and geography of San Francisco, a city and county in California. Explore its origins as a Spanish colonial outpost, its role in the California Gold Rush, its rebuilding after a devastating earthquake, and its cultural and economic development.
A comprehensive list of historical events and milestones in the city of San Francisco, California, from 1776 to 1906. Learn about the founding, growth, fires, earthquakes, and cultural developments of the Golden Gate City.
Learn how San Francisco was founded by the Spanish, became a hub of the Gold Rush, survived a devastating earthquake, and became a leading technological city. Explore the landmarks, museums and attractions that reflect its diverse and dynamic history.
Mar 19, 2014 · By 1928, the year after 140 New Montgomery was completed, the San Francisco Examiner declared "with clay from a hole in the ground in Lincoln, California, the modern city of San Francisco...
