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Who founded the city of Hyderabad?
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The early history of Hyderabad is inextricably intertwined and fortune rose during the 16th and early 17th centuries, Hyderabad became a center of a vibrant diamond trade. All eight Qutb Shahi sultans were patrons of learning and were great builders.
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Hyderabad, city, Telangana state, south-central India. It is Telangana’s largest and most-populous city and is the major urban centre for all of south-central interior India. From 1956 to 2014 Hyderabad was the capital of Andhra Pradesh state, but, with the creation of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh in 2014, it was redesignated as the capital of both states.
Hyderabad is located on the Musi River in the heart of the Telangana Plateau, a major upland region of the Deccan (peninsular India). The city site is relatively level to the gently rolling terrain, at an elevation of about 1,600 feet (500 metres). The climate is warm to hot and monsoonal (i.e., marked by wet and dry periods), with moderate annual precipitation. Most rain falls during the wet monsoon months of June to October. Pop. (2001) city (district), 3,829,753; urban agglom., 5,742,036; (2011) city (district), 3,943,323; urban agglom., 7,677,018.
Hyderabad was founded by the Quṭb Shāhī sultans of Golconda, under whom the kingdom of Golconda attained a position of importance second only to that of the Mughal Empire to the north. The old fortress town of Golconda had proved inadequate as the kingdom’s capital, and so about 1591 Muḥammad Qulī Quṭb Shah, the fifth of the Quṭb Shahs, built a new city called Hyderabad on the east bank of the Musi River, a short distance from old Golconda. The Charminar, a grand architectural composition in Indo-Saracenic style with open arches and four minarets, is regarded as the supreme achievement of the Quṭb Shāhī period. It formed the centrepiece around which the city was planned. The Mecca Mosque, which was built later, can accommodate 10,000 people. The mosque was the site of a bombing attack in 2007 that killed several Muslims and injured many others. The incident aggravated Muslim-Hindu tensions in the city, which has experienced periodic outbreaks of violence over the years.
Hyderabad was known for its beauty and affluence, but that glory lasted only as long as the Quṭb Shāhī dynasty. The Mughals conquered Hyderabad in 1685. The Mughal occupation was accompanied by plunder and destruction and was followed by the intervention of European powers in Indian affairs. In 1724 Āṣaf Jāh Nizam al-Mulk, the Mughal viceroy in the Deccan, declared independence. That Deccan kingdom, with Hyderabad as its capital, came to be known as the princely state of Hyderabad. The Āṣaf Jāhīs, during the 19th century, started to rebuild, expanding to the north of the old city across the Musi. Farther north, Secunderabad grew as a British cantonment (military facility), connected to Hyderabad by a bund (embankment) 1 mile (1.6 km) long on Husain Sagar Lake. The bund now serves as a promenade and is the pride of the city. Many new structures, reflecting a beautiful blend of Hindu and Muslim styles, have been added along it.
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Under the nizams the Hindu and Muslim populations coexisted, although there were episodes of intercommunal fighting. After Indian independence in 1947, violence by the Razakars—a Muslim militia—against Hindu communities drew the attention of the Indian government. In September 1948 the Indian army intervened, invading Hyderabad and easily routing the nizam’s forces. Although loss of life during the military operation was minor, it was followed by an outburst of looting and revenge killings of Muslims by Hindu civilians and Indian soldiers. The multi-faith Sunderlal commission, sent by the Indian government in 1951 to investigate the events in Hyderabad, concluded that at least 27,000 to 40,000 people had been killed.
In 1950 the princely state became the state of Hyderabad in the Indian union. In 1956 the state was split up: its Telugu-speaking areas (the Telangana region) were combined with what was then Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as the capital. Discontent grew, however, among the people of Telangana, who insisted that the region should become a separate state. Following protracted negotiations—particularly about the disposition of Hyderabad—and after receiving approval for the split from the Indian parliament, Telangana was formed in 2014. It was agreed that Hyderabad would act as capital of both states for a period of up to 10 years to allow Andhra Pradesh time to build its own capital.
Learn about the history of Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana state in south-central India. Explore its origins as a Quṭb Shāhī dynasty city, its Mughal and Āṣaf Jāhī rule, and its role in Indian independence and partition.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hyderabad (/ ˈ h aɪ d ər ə b æ d / ⓘ; [5] Telugu: [ˈɦaɪ̯daraːbaːd], Urdu: [ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd], ISO: Haidarābād) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies 650 km 2 (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India.
Article History. Date: 1724 - 1948. Major Events: Mysore Wars. Treaty of Masulipatam. Mysore War. Key People: Osman Ali. Related Places: India. Hyderabad, former princely state of south-central India that was centered on the city of Hyderabad.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Learn about the 400-year history of Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana state in India. Discover how the city was founded, ruled, and influenced by various dynasties and cultures, and explore its historical monuments and traditions.
Learn how Hyderabad, one of the most flourishing and motley cities of India, has witnessed the amalgamation of a vast multitude of cultures and races for centuries. Explore the historical facts about Hyderabad from the Mauryan Empire to the Nizam rule and beyond.
Apr 22, 2024 · Hyderabad, the capital city of the Indian state of Telangana, is a vibrant metropolis known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and modern developments. From its inception to its current status as a bustling urban center, Hyderabad has evolved into a melting pot of traditions, cuisines, and architectural marvels.
