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  2. Liquid-liquid extraction - I. Lec 10: Introduction to liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid equilibria; Lec 11: Effect of temperature on LLE & Design of single stage extraction ; Liquid-liquid extraction- II. Lec 12: Design Calculation of Multistage Operation; Lec 13: Design calculation of multistage cross-current extraction

  3. In industrial processes, mass transfer operations include separation of chemical components in distillation columns, absorbers such as scrubbers or stripping, adsorbers such as activated carbon beds, and liquid-liquid extraction.

  4. Mass transfer is a transport of components under a chemical potential gradient. The component moves to the direction of reducing concentration gradient. The transport occurs from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Equilibrium is reached when the gradient is zero.

  5. Apr 18, 2023 · Liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technology in the chemical industry, and its separation efficiency depends on thermodynamics (two-phase equilibrium), hydrodynamics (two-phase mixing and contact), and mass transfer (molecular diffusion).

  6. Mass transfer operations involving the diffusion of the component to be separated through a stationary phase ( unidirectional mass transfer ) include: gas absorption, liquid extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange.

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  7. This course applies the concepts of diffusion and interphase mass transfer to the analysis of different unit operations such as humidification, drying, adsorption,extraction, leaching, crystallization and membrane processes.

  8. However, at the fluid–fluid and fluid–solid interfaces, mass transfer occurs by convection, as in separation processes including drying, concentration, extraction, leaching, etc. In multiphase (solid–liquid–gas) systems, mass transfer becomes more complex.