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The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country by citing internal and external threats to the country.
- National Emergency
- President’s Rule
- Financial Emergency
- Effects of Financial Emergency
- Criticism of The Emergency Provision
National emergency can be declared on the basis of war, external aggression or armed rebellion. The Constitution employs the expression ‘proclamation of emergency’ to denote an emergency of this type.Grounds of declaration:Example:Article 355 imposes a duty on the centre to ensure that the government of every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution.It is this duty in the performance of which the centre takes over the government of a state under Article 356 in case of failure of constitutional machinery in a state.This is popularly known as ‘President’s Rule’.Grounds of imposition: the president’s ruler can be proclaimed under Article 356 on two grounds:Grounds of declaration: Article 360empowers the president to proclaim a Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen due to which the financial stability or credit of India or...Parliamentary approval and duration: A proclamation declaring financial emergency must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.Extension of the executive authority of the Union over the financial matters of the States.Reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in the State.Reservation of all money bills or other financial bills for the consideration of the President after they are passed by the legislature of the State.Direction from the President for the reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving the Union; and the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.Some members of the Constituent Assembly criticised the incorporation of emergency provisions in the constitution on the following grounds:While defending the emergency provisions in the Constituent Assembly, Dr Ambedkar accepted the possibility of their misuse. He observed, ‘I do not altogether deny that there is a possibility of the...Sep 4, 2024 · Emergency Provisions are constitutional provisions in India that empower the President to take certain extraordinary actions during times of emergency. These provisions are outlined in Articles 352, 356, and 360 of the Indian Constitution.
- There are three types of Emergencies mentioned in the constitution which include national emergency, president’s rule and financial emergency.
- The emergency provisions are mentioned in part 18th of the Indian Constitution.
- As of now, in India three times National Emergency has been imposed.
- The articles 20 and 21 pertaining to fundamental rights of life and liberty are not suspended during any kind of emergency in India.
- In India, financial emergency has never been imposed.
May 18, 2024 · This article of Next IAS aims to study in detail the National Emergency (Article 352), its meaning, constitutional provisions, grounds of declaration, process of parliamentary approval, revocation, impacts, significance and other related aspects. Meaning of National Emergency in India.
Three types of emergencies are addressed in the Constitution of India: Nation Emergency, State Emergency, and Financial Emergency. Article 352 of Part XVIII of the Constitution includes the national emergencies, Article 356 enlists the state emergencies, and Article 360 incorporates the financial emergencies. Q2.
Jun 29, 2024 · The Emergency refers to the period from June 25, 1975 to March 21, 1977, during which the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi used special provisions in the Constitution to impose sweeping executive and legislative consequences on the country. Almost all opposition leaders were put in jail.
Oct 1, 2024 · Article 352 to 360 of the Indian constitution deals with the provisions/rules related to the emergency, that enable the central government to meet any abnormal situation effectively. In a certain situation, to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity, and security of the country and the democratic system of the constitution, the president of ...
