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The medulla oblongata is the most inferior portion of the brainstem and is about three centimeters long. It slightly bulges out of the brain stem. It is located in between the pons and the spinal cord. The axons that carry sensory information to and motor instructions from the higher brain regions pass through the brainstem.
The nucleus tractus solitarious in the medulla oblongata receives stimulus from the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, limbic system, and area prostema, which provokes physiological changes resulting in the sensation of nausea, with or without vomiting. 1
During homeostatic regulation of blood pressure if a baroreceptor located in the aortic arch and internal carotid arteries detects a decrease in blood pressure it will send fewer impulses to the controllers, the cardiac centre and the vasomotor centre located in the medulla oblongata of the brain simultaneously.
Sep 24, 2020 · Pyelonephritis may include signs of cystitis, such as dysuria. Other signs and symptoms are pain that can be in the abdominal, back, side, groin, and or flank. Chills, fever, nausea, vomiting may be present. Observing urine abnormalities such as cloudy, dark bloody, or foul-smelling is possible signs of pyelonephritis.
It is believed that there is a correlation between the magnitude of pain caused by tissue injury and the activation of the sympathetic systems which includes the activation of the cardiomotor neurones, vasoconstrictor neurones which innervate the resistance vessels, sudomotor neurones and sympathetic pre ganglionic neurons that innervate the adrenal medulla.
The adrenal medulla secrets epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones increase cardiac activity, blood pressure, glycogen breakdown, blood glucose levels; releases lipids by adipose tissue. Also this is where the fight or flight syndrome is sparked. Discuss the results of abnormal levels of adrenal hormone production
Upon physical examination, mild leg swelling was observed. Based on her past medical history, patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis for the past 3 months, hypertension for the past 5 years, diabetes for the past 5 years and advanced renal failure for the past 6 months. Upon enquiry, she was seen to be a non-smoker and a non alcoholic.
Anus: This is where the faeces leave the body it contains 2 muscles one involuntarily and the other voluntarily which means faeces can be held inside until the person is ready to excrete. The functions of the digestive system. are now complete they are ingestion, digestion, propulsion, absorption and elimination.
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