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A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.
- Human blood group systems
The term human blood group systems is defined by the...
- ABO blood group system
ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cells and IgM...
- Human blood group systems
The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens —in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between th...
Isbt No.[3]System NameSystem SymbolStructure / Function001ABOCarbohydrate (N-Acetylgalactosamine, ...002MNSGPA / GPB (glycophorins A and B).003P004RHProtein and glucose.ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cells and IgM antibodies present in the serum. The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes (red blood cells). [1]
- Abo System
- Compatibility
- Rhesus Factor
The principle
The principle of the ABO system is that antigens – in this instance, sugars exposed on the surface of red blood cells – differ between individuals. This was first discovered by Karl Landsteiner. People have immunological tolerance only for what occurs in their own bodies. As a result, humans may produce antibodies against natural components in the bodies of otherpeople, but not themselves. So, people may produce antibodies against A and/or B antigens if they are not in their blood. These anti...
The test
In a laboratory, blood is tested for antigens. When a certain antigen is found, antibodiesare also always found. Antibodies attack (attach to) antigens that they do not recognise. 1. Group A(with the A-antigen) has anti-B antibodies 2. Group B(with the B-antigen) has anti-A antibodies 3. Group AB(with both A and B-antigens) has no antibodies 4. Group O(with no antigens) has anti-A and anti-B antibodies The blood is thus tagged as being A positive, O negative for instance, where the letter ref...
Group O have no antigens, but have anti-A and anti-B antibodies. This means that they can only receive blood from other people in group O, but they can give to any ABO group.Group A have anti-B antibodies, so they can only receive blood from people within group A or O. These two groups do not have the B-antigen. They can donate blood to people from group A or AB.Group B have anti-A antibodies, so they can only receive blood from people within group B or O. They can donate to groups B or AB.Blood group AB have no antibodies, so they can receive blood from any blood group. However, they can only donate blood to other people with blood group AB.The Rh factor (Rh meaning Rhesus) is a feature of the second most common blood-group system in human-blood transfusion. it is named after the Rhesus monkey where they were first discovered. Rh is an inherited trait, which refers to a proteinon the surface of an individual's red blood cells. The Rh factor is separate from, and in addition to, ABO gr...
Sep 18, 2024 · Blood group, classification of blood based on inherited differences in antigens on the surfaces of the red blood cells. The most well-known classification, the ABO blood group system, was developed by Austrian-born American biologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901.
Sep 7, 2024 · ABO blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells (erythrocytes) as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens A and B, which are carried on the surface of the red cells.
Sep 15, 2023 · The ABO system has four major blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Blood types are further categorized by the presence (positive or +) or absence (negative or -) of the Rh (D) antigen on the surface of their red blood cells, also known as the Rh factor. This produces the eight major blood types. A and B antigens are sugars.
