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Learn how to use arrow functions in JavaScript, which are shorter and simpler syntax for writing functions. Compare arrow functions with regular functions and see examples of this keyword behavior and browser support.
- Overview
- Syntax
- Description
- Examples
- Browser compatibility
- See also
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An arrow function expression is a compact alternative to a traditional function expression, with some semantic differences and deliberate limitations in usage:
•Arrow functions don't have their own bindings to this, arguments, or super, and should not be used as methods.
•Arrow functions cannot be used as constructors. Calling them with new throws a TypeError. They also don't have access to the new.target keyword.
•Arrow functions cannot use yield within their body and cannot be created as generator functions.
Rest parameters, default parameters, and destructuring within params are supported, and always require parentheses:
Arrow functions can be async by prefixing the expression with the async keyword.
Let's decompose a traditional anonymous function down to the simplest arrow function step-by-step. Each step along the way is a valid arrow function.
In the example above, both the parentheses around the parameter and the braces around the function body may be omitted. However, they can only be omitted in certain cases.
The parentheses can only be omitted if the function has a single simple parameter. If it has multiple parameters, no parameters, or default, destructured, or rest parameters, the parentheses around the parameter list are required.
The braces can only be omitted if the function directly returns an expression. If the body has additional lines of processing, the braces are required — and so is the return keyword. Arrow functions cannot guess what or when you want to return.
Using arrow functions Using call, bind, and apply
The call(), apply(), and bind() methods work as expected with traditional functions, because we establish the scope for each of the methods: With arrow functions, since our add function is essentially created on the globalThis (global) scope, it will assume this is the globalThis. Perhaps the greatest benefit of using arrow functions is with methods like setTimeout() and EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener() that usually require some kind of closure, call(), apply(), or bind() to ensure that the function is executed in the proper scope. With traditional function expressions, code like this does not work as expected: With arrow functions, the this scope is more easily preserved:
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Learn how to use arrow functions, a compact alternative to traditional functions, with different syntax and semantics. See examples, differences, and limitations of arrow functions in JavaScript.
Aug 20, 2024 · Learn how to use arrow functions in JavaScript, a concise and readable way to write function expressions. See syntax, examples, advantages, limitations, and FAQs of arrow functions.
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Nov 30, 2023 · Learn how to use the arrow function syntax in JavaScript, which is a concise and convenient way to create functions. Compare arrow functions with regular functions, see how to convert them, and understand their advantages and drawbacks.
Learn how to use arrow functions to write concise and elegant code for function expressions in JavaScript. Arrow functions have a shorter syntax than regular functions and use lexical this, arguments, super and new.target.
Apr 14, 2022 · Learn how to use arrow functions, a concise and simple syntax for creating functions in JavaScript. See examples of one-line and multiline arrow functions, and how to replace Function Expressions with them.
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Feb 1, 2021 · Learn the features and benefits of arrow functions in JavaScript, such as no this, no new, no arguments and no super. See examples of how to use arrow functions in different situations and compare them with regular functions.
