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Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant's growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM.
Breast milk contains fats, proteins, carbohydrates (including lactose and human milk oligosaccharides), and a varying composition of minerals and vitamins. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] The composition changes over a single feed as well as over the period of lactation. [ 52 ]
The composition of human milk is the biologic norm for infant nutrition. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization.
As your baby’s first food, you might expect your breast milk ingredients to include basic essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats, as well as water to keep your baby hydrated, which it does. 1 But breast milk is no ordinary food – it has more value than nutrition alone.
Breast milk composition adapts to your baby's needs, from colostrum to mature milk. Learn how its composition changes to support growth, immunity, and development at every stage.
The macronutrient (ie overall fat, protein and carbohydrate) composition of breastmilk is robust even across different populations of women despite variations in maternal nutritional status. 2 The average macronutrient composition of breastmilk is approximately 1.2 g/dL for protein, 3.6 g/dL for fat, and 7.4 g/dL for lactose (the main carbohydra...
Sep 19, 2022 · The general composition of breast milk changes with time according to the baby's needs. The foremilk satisfies the baby's thirst when each nursing session begins due to its high content. The hindmilk is more abundant in fat to provide the calorie-dense nutrition a baby requires.
In this review, we discuss the composition of breast milk and the factors that affect it during the course of breast feeding. Understanding the components of breast milk and their functions will allow for the improvement of clinical practices, infant feeding and our understanding of immune responses to infection and vaccination in infants.
May 23, 2020 · The primary biologically active components of human milk are lipids, protein, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and carbohydrates (Andreas et al. 2015). Components of Human Breast Milk. Lipids are the primary energy component of human milk, providing approximately 50% of the total energy consumed by the breastfeeding infant (Koletzko et al. 2001).
Sep 24, 2018 · HBM contains various macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins) as well as numerous bioactive compounds and interactive elements (growth factors, hormones, cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial compounds.
