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Oct 31, 2023 · Leaf Structure and Function. The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis. It consists of the upper and lower epidermis, which are present on either side of the leaf. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis). The epidermis aids in the regulation of gas exchange.
Epicuticular wax is a waxy coating which covers the outer surface of the plant cuticle in land plants. It may form a whitish film or bloom on leaves, fruits and other plant organs. Chemically, it consists of hydrophobic organic compounds, mainly straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons with or without a variety of substituted functional groups.
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Plants prevent dehydration by producing a cuticle, a lipophilic layer coating all aerial, primary organs. As the cuticle also forms the plant-environment interface, this primary function of blocking nonstomatal water loss (Kerstiens, 1996; Riederer and Schreiber, 2001) must be balanced against other functions including deterring insects and pathoge...
This work had the two overarching objectives of providing detailed information on the spatial arrangement of cuticular waxes on Arabidopsis leaf surfaces, and of testing whether the addition of triterpenoids to this arrangement would change the transpiration barrier properties of the waxes. Both goals required experiments in which trichomes would h...
Although wax biosynthesis in the model plant Arabidopsis has been extensively studied, little is known about the distribution of wax compounds on scales smaller than the organ level in this species. This has hampered studies seeking to correlate wax composition with function, specifically the primary physiological function of blocking uncontrolled ...
Arabidopsis leaves are coated with waxes with distinct compositions on their upper and lower surfaces. Moreover, within the adaxial wax, the epicuticular layer contains more wax and a higher relative quantity of alkanes, whereas the intracuticular wax has a higher percentage of alcohols. The wax forms a transpiration barrier, with the outer layer c...
Plant Material
Seeds from the trichome-less Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant gl1 (SALK_039478 Columbia-0 background; Koornneef et al., 1982; Herman and Marks, 1989; Alonso et al., 2003) and the AtLUP4 overexpressor in the gl1 background were plated on Arabidopsis media agar (Somerville and Ogren, 1982), stratified for 2 to 3 d at 4°C, and then germinated under continuous light (approximately 150 µmol m–2 s–1 photosynthetically active radiation) for 7 to 10 d at 20°C. Seedlings were transplanted int...
Construction of the AtLUP4 Overexpressor
AtLUP4 (At1g78950) was PCR-amplified from complementary DNA obtained from the stems of wild-type Arabidopsis (Columbia-0) using gene-specific primers with Gateway-compatible ends. The PCR product was transferred into pDONR-221 using a Gateway cloning kit (Invitrogen) and then sequenced. Subsequently, the gene of interest was recombined into pMDC32 (Curtis and Grossniklaus, 2003) behind double constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoters, creating pMDC32-LUP4. The Arabidopsis mutant gl1...
Wax Extraction and Derivatization
Mature leaves with a cumulative surface area exceeding 10 cm2 were harvested from multiple plants for bulk wax extraction. Leaves were submerged for 30 s in chloroform containing a defined quantity of n-tetracosane as an internal standard. Samples were resubmerged for 30 s in fresh chloroform, and the two solutions were pooled. For side-specific wax extraction, a glass cylinder was pressed on to the leaf surface (Jetter et al., 2000). Chloroform with a defined quantity of n-tetracosane was ad...
VLCvery-long-chainMWCminimum water conductanceGCgas chromatography- Christopher Buschhaus, Reinhard Jetter
- 2012
Jun 26, 2018 · Most leaves are characterized by a wax coverage varying between 10 and 100 μg per square centimeter (Schreiber and Riederer 1996). When assuming a wax density of 1 g per cm 3, this leads to a thickness of the wax layer on leaf surfaces between 10 and 100 nm. This very thin wax layer in fact forms the actual interface between the leaf and the ...
These subsequent layers of epidermis-like tissue under the single, outer layer of true epidermis are called the hypodermis, which offers a thicker barrier and helps prevent water loss. The epidermis itself is coated on the outside by a thick layer of wax called the cuticle. Because waxes are hydrophobic, this also helps prevent water loss ...
Dec 19, 2019 · A cuticle is a protective layer that covers an organism and separates it from the environment. In leaves of terrestrial plants, this layer is hydrophobic and consists of an insoluble membrane submerged in solvent-soluble waxes (see, e.g., Buschhaus and Jetter 2011). The cuticle of leaves is thought to have evolved as an adaptation during the ...
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These subsequent layers of epidermis-like tissue under the single, outer layer of true epidermis are called the hypodermis (hypo- meaning under, dermis meaning skin), which offers a thicker barrier and helps prevent water loss. The epidermis itself is coated on the outside by a thick layer of wax called the cuticle. Because waxes are ...
