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Aug 15, 2016 · This document provides an overview of influenza (the flu) including: - Differences between colds and flu in terms of symptoms and severity - Types of influenza viruses (A, B, C) and their characteristics including ability to cause pandemics - Structure and proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) of influenza viruses - Seasonal flu, pandemic ...
- Influenza(Virology) | PPT - SlideShare
This document provides an overview of influenza (the flu)...
- Influenza(Virology) | PPT - SlideShare
Sep 3, 2016 · Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses A, B, and C. Type A influenza is characterized by pandemics every 10-40 years caused by antigenic changes, including the 1918 Spanish flu, 1957 Asian flu, and 1968 Hong Kong flu.
Mar 17, 2014 · This document provides an overview of influenza (the flu) including: - Differences between colds and flu in terms of symptoms and severity - Types of influenza viruses (A, B, C) and their characteristics including ability to cause pandemics - Structure and proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) of influenza viruses - Seasonal flu, pandemic ...
4 days ago · Influenza-Overview. Common respiratory disease. Highly infectious. Short incubation period (1-4 days) Frequently mutates. Causes recurring epidemics and global pandemics. Transmission. Influenza virus may be transmitted among humans in three ways: 1) By direct contact with infected individuals. 2) By contact with contaminated objects.
- Objectives
- Influenza
- Influenza and pneumonia
- MYTH
- Pandemic vs seasonal epidemics
- Influenza A: Potential for pandemic strains
- Pandemic vs seasonal influenza
- Pandemic vs seasonal influenza
- Seasonal influenza: epidemiology
- Seasonal influenza and deaths
- Seasonal influenza and
- Summary, Part I
- Pandemic influenza vs seasonal influenza
- An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
- MYTH: The flu vaccine doesn’t work
- MYTH: The flu vaccine is dangerous
- Influenza vaccines
- Inactivated influenza vaccines
- Influenza vaccines
- • 80% of influenza deaths in children occur in children who were not vaccinated
- Universal influenza vaccine: the holy grail
- Conclusions
- For more information
Gain working knowledge of influenza virus Virology Epidemiology Signs, symptoms, and complications Pandemic vs seasonal flu Understand the basics of influenza vaccination Benefits and limitations Current landscape Future goals
Most will recover from influenza within a week, sometimes two People are usually contagious from the day before developing symptoms through about one week; contagiousness usually correlates with fever Some may go on to have severe complications
Pneumonia – infection and inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, lungs During influenza, pneumonia can be caused by the influenza virus (primary) itself or by superinfection with bacteria (secondary) Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus
• Healthy people are not at high risk for complications from influenza
“A pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease” (WHO) Influenza pandemics are caused by new subtypes of influenza A Most influenza infections occur in the context of seasonal epidemics “The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time” (CDC)
Two mechanisms for pandemic strain emergence Direct animal to human transmission of new strain Gene reassortment
Emergence of pandemic strains results from antigenic shift The surface proteins (HA, NA) look completely different from anything the population has seen before Fortunately, this occurrence is relatively rare Every year, influenza viruses undergo a different process, known as antigenic drift The surface proteins (HA, NA) are generally the same but h...
• Antigenic drift (small changes that accumulate in the outer flu proteins over the course of the year) is the reason that flu is a problem every winter, leading to seasonal influenza epidemics
“Flu season” occurs during the winter months in temperate climates In tropical climates, the season is less well defined and the viruses may circulate at lower levels year-round Reasons for this are still incompletely understood but likely related to temperature/humidity and possibly even school calendars Seasonal influenza: epidemiology Seasonal i...
Every winter, we see death due to influenza Severity of season typically tracked by monitoring pediatric deaths Nationally notifiable condition General overall estimate of severity of each season
Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia carries a high risk of mortality in young, immunocompetent patients The greatest risk factor for this type of pneumonia is influenza
Influenza is an important cause of seasonal respiratory illness Yearly seasonal influenza epidemics are certain to occur Worldwide pandemic influenza is always a possibility Influenza can be an important cause of mortality, even in the otherwise young and healthy So, what to do?
We may not be able to predict/prevent the next influenza pandemic But there
Practice good respiratory etiquette and hand hygiene Stay home when you are sick VACCINATION is the single best way to prevent influenza infection
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/effectiveness-studies.htm
You CANNOT get the flu from flu vaccine The most common side effects of flu vaccine: Redness, swelling, pain at injection site Headache Low-grade fevers Nausea Muscle aches (myalgias)
Trivalent versus quadrivalent Inactivated vs live-attenuated Method of manufacture
Killed viruses or individual proteins (not infectious virus) Multiple methods of manufacture Traditional method: egg-based Alternative methods Cell-based Recombinant protein-based
Multiple options for different scenarios, patient populations Getting ANY vaccine far more important than the specific type!
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/us_flu-related_deaths.htm Influenza vaccines: Is there a better way?
A flu vaccine that only needs to be given once and protects against all future flu infections Based on the idea that there must be some regions of the virus that are conserved across strains
Influenza is a serious public health problem, in all populations Yearly epidemics interspersed with rare pandemics – get used to it! The best way to protect yourself and loved ones is yearly flu vaccine Flu vaccines are safe and effective, even if not as effective as we’d like
• h t t p s :/ / www. cdc . gov/ f lu/ in d ex. htm
A flu pandemic is a global outbreak of a new influenza virus in people that is very different from current and recently circulating seasonal flu viruses. While seasonal influenza occurs annually, pandemic flu is very rare. There have only been 4 notable flu pandemics since 1900.
Highlight key recommendations in the AAP influenza policy statement, “Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2022–23” and in the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ document, “Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices...
