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Learn about the chemical compounds that regulate plant growth and development, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid. Find out their natural and synthetic sources, functions, examples and applications in agriculture and horticulture.
- 8 min
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development.
- Abscisic Acid. The original name of abscisic acid was dormin, because the plant hormones are heavily involved in the dormancy process. Today, these plant hormones have two main recognized functions in plants.
- Auxins. Auxins are a class of plant hormones responsible for various aspects of plant growth. Typically, they affect cell enlargement and elongation. They also allow the plant to react to sunlight and gravity, known as phototropism and geotropism, respectively.
- Cytokinins. The cytokinins are a group of plant hormones which interact directly with the auxins. In doing so, they direct cell differentiation and various aspects of cell metabolism.
- Ethylene. Unlike the other plant hormones, ethylene is a single chemical. It is in the form of a gas at regular temperatures, and allows plants a fast way to communicate between cells and other plants.
- Auxin. Auxins are a group of related molecules that are involved in almost every aspect of the plant’s life cycle. Auxins stimulate growth through cell elongation, which is integral to the plant’s responses to environmental changes.
- Cytokinins. Like auxins, cytokinins are a group of related molecules that regulate growth and development. However, the plant’s response to cytokinin is very different from the responses to auxin.
- Gibberellins. Gibberellins, or gibberellic acid (GA), are a group of over 100 molecules that are primary regulators of stem elongation and seed germination.
- Abscisic acid. While GA facilitates seed germination, abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits it. Abscisic acid is a single molecule that regulates germination and the response of a plant to reduced water availability during drought stress.
Feb 3, 2021 · Plant hormones are signal molecules that are synthesized de novo in plants. They are conserved in the plant kingdom and regulate diverse processes in plant growth and development and in acclimation responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
- Eiji Nambara, Saskia C. M. Van Wees
- 2021
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Apr 17, 2009 · The plant hormones are a structurally unrelated collection of small molecules derived from various essential metabolic pathways. These compounds are important regulators...
Feb 14, 2024 · Plant hormones are a group of unrelated chemical substances that affect plant growth, development, and other physiological processes. Five major plant hormones are traditionally described: auxins (particularly IAA), cytokinins, gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene.
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