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  1. Sumangali is a form of child labour which, although forbidden, is practised in India, particularly the textile industry in Tamil Nadu. It is likened to soft trafficking, a less explicit form of human trafficking.

  2. The Sumangali scheme, which is a form of forced labour in India, is said to have started in 1989. The word “Sumangali” in Tamil means an unmarried girl becoming a respectable woman by entering into marriage. Thus, the scheme is also known as “marriage assistance system”.

  3. The Sumangali scheme, specifically in the textile industry, restricts individual young women (and girls) worker's freedom of mobility, to choose workplace and actively exposes workers to exploitation without any limit of protection.

  4. The report discusses the issues facing these young women, many of whom are employed under bonded and forced labour conditions, commonly referred to as ‘Sumangali’ schemes and ‘camp labour arrangements’. The terms Sumangali, camp labour or camp labour coolies are frequently used interchangeably.

    • Sumangali (child labour)1
    • Sumangali (child labour)2
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  5. Nov 3, 2016 · The Sumangali scheme, which is a form of forced labour in India, is said to have started in 1989. The word “Sumangali” in Tamil means an unmarried girl becoming a respectable woman by entering...

  6. The report discusses the issues facing these young women, many of whom are employed under bonded and forced labour conditions, commonly referred to as ‘Sumangali’ schemes and ‘camp labour arrangements’. The terms Sumangali, camp labour or camp labour coolies are frequently used interchangeably.

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  8. Jan 10, 2018 · The ‘Sumangali thittam’ or ‘Mangalyam thittam’, under which textile mills in western districts of the state used to recruit adolescent women as apprentices or casual labourers, has taken a new form.