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Ishvara (Sanskrit: ईश्वर, romanized: Īśvara) is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism. In ancient texts of Hindu philosophy, depending on the context, Ishvara can mean supreme Self, ruler, lord, king, queen or husband.
Dec 21, 2023 · What Does Ishvara Mean? Ishvara is the concept of a higher power, but has different meanings, depending on the various schools of Hinduism. Ishvara is synonymous with Brahman (or Absolute Reality), but can also refer to the Supreme Consciousness or a personal god.
Ishvara, in Hinduism, God understood as a person, in contrast to the impersonal transcendent brahman. The title is particularly favoured by devotees of the god Shiva; the comparable term Bhagavan (also meaning “Lord”) is more commonly used by Vaishnavas (followers of the god Vishnu).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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What does Ishvara mean in Hinduism?
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Who is Ishvara?
- In Samkhya School of Hinduism
- In Yoga School of Hinduism
- In Vaisesika School of Hinduism
- In Nyaya School of Hinduism
- In Mimamsa School of Hinduism
- In Vedanta School of Hinduism
- In Carvaka School of Hinduism
Samkhya is called one of the several major atheistic schools of Hinduism by some scholars. Others, such as Jacobsen, Samkhya is more accurately described as non-theistic. Isvara is considered an irrelevant concept, neither defined nor denied, in Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy.
The Yogasutras of Patanjali, the foundational text of Yoga school of Hinduism, uses the term Ishvara in 11 verses: I.23 through I.29, II.1, II.2, II.32 and II.45. Ever since the Sutra’s release, Hindu scholars have debated and commented on who or what is Isvara? These commentaries range from defining Isvara from a “personal god” to “special self” t...
Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism, as founded by Kanada in 1st millennium BC, neither required nor relied on Ishvara for its atomistic naturalism philosophy. To it, substances and paramāṇu (atoms) were eternal, they moved and interacted based on impersonal, eternal adrsta (अदृष्ट, invisible) laws of nature. The concept of Ishvara, among others, entered ...
Early Nyaya school scholars considered the hypothesis of Ishvara as a creator God with the power to grant blessings, boons and fruits. However, the early Nyaya scholars rejected this hypothesis, and were non-theistic or atheists. Later scholars of Nyaya school reconsidered this question and offered counter arguments for what is Ishvara and various ...
Mīmāṃsā scholars of Hinduism questioned what is Ishvara (God)? They used their pramanatools to cross examine answers offered by other schools of Hinduism. For example, when Nyaya scholars stated God is omnipotent, omniscient and infallible, that the world is the result of God’s creation which is proved by the presence of creatures, just like human ...
Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism proclaims that at the empirical level Ishvara is the cause of the universe and the one who awards the fruits of every action. He is defined as the one without likes and dislikes, as well embodied with compassion (vaiShamya NairgghruNya doSha vihInaH). Ishvara is that which is “free from avidya (ignorance), free from ahamkrti (ego-sense), free from bandhana (bondage)”, a Self that is “pure, enlightened, liberated”. Having accepted and established Ishvara, Adv...
Vishishtadvaita Vedanta
Ishvara, in Vishishtadvaita Vedanta sub-school of Hinduism, is a composite concept of dualism and non-dualism, or “non-dualism with differentiation”. Ishvara, Vishishtadvaitin scholars such as the 11th century Ramanuja state, is the supreme creator and synonymous with Brahman Equated with Vishnu in Vishishtadvaita or one of his avatar, he is both the material and efficient cause, transcendent and immanent. Ishvara manifests in five forms, believe Vishishtadvaitins: para (transcendent), vyuha...
Dvaita Vedanta
The Dvaita (dualism) sub-school of Vedanta Hinduism, founded by 13th century Madhva, defines Ishvara as creator God that is distinct from Jiva (individual souls in living beings). Narayana (Vishnu) is considered to be Ishvara, and the Vaishnavism movement arose on the foundation developed by Dvaita Vedanta sub-school. Ishvara (God) is a complete, perfect and the highest reality to Dvaitins, and simultaneously the world is separate reality for them, unlike competing thoughts in other sub-schoo...
Cārvāka, another atheist tradition in Hinduism, was materialist and a school of philosophical scepticism. They rejected all concepts of Ishvaraas well as all forms of supernaturalism. Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mar 3, 2021 · Bhagavan and Ishvara are simply Brahman as viewed by Jiva. There is no difference between Bhagavan and Ishvara and both may be conceived as epithets for the Supreme. The issue of Devatas is complicated. There are different types of Devatas.
Jun 7, 2024 · 1: Ishvara (ईश्वर): A Hindu philosophical concept of God referring to the Supreme Being which is the lord and the ruler of everything. Hinduism uses the term Ishvara exclusively to refer to the Supreme God in a monotheistic sense.
In Hinduism, the term Isvara (ईश्वर in Devanagari script, also variously transliterated as Ishvara and Īśvara), is a generic name for God as well as a philosophical concept denoting one Supreme personal power who rules the cosmos.
