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  1. Robert Plutchik (21 October 1927 – 29 April 2006) was a professor emeritus at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and adjunct professor at the University of South Florida. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and he was also a psychologist.

  2. Jun 4, 2024 · Through years of studying emotions, American psychologist Dr. Robert Plutchik proposed that there are eight primary emotions that serve as the foundation for all others: joy, sadness, acceptance, disgust, fear, anger, surprise, and anticipation.

  3. Mar 13, 2022 · Psychologist Robert Plutchik created the Plutchik Model shown above. It shows there are 8 basic emotions: joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, anticipation, anger, and disgust. Plutchik’s wheel of emotions organizes these 8 basic emotions based on the physiological purpose of each.

  4. In 1980, Robert Plutchik diagrammed a wheel of eight emotions: joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger and anticipation, inspired by his Ten Postulates. Plutchik also theorized twenty-four "Primary", "Secondary", and "Tertiary" dyads (feelings composed of two emotions).

  5. Feb 28, 2017 · Definition. A theory of emotion and emotional consequences for cognition, personality, and psychotherapy derived from an evolutionary perspective. Plutchik’s theory established the foundation for conceptualizing the domain of emotion (primary and secondary) in animals and humans.

  6. Given the complexity of emotions, Robert Plutchik created the Emotion Wheel to visualize the complexity of emotions and help people identify and label their emotions.

  7. May 10, 2023 · The Wheel of Emotions was developed by the American psychologist Robert Plutchik in 1980 as a visual tool for understanding his psycho-evolutionary theory. He identified eight primary emotions in polar opposite pairs. Joy vs. Sadness. Trust vs. Disgust. Fear vs. Anger. Anticipation vs. Surprise.