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Even though Topalov did officially hold the title, he is probably not as celebrated, or simply seen as illegitimate, due to the unconventional format which allowed him to bypass the previous world champ.
- Overview
- The political factor
- The economic factor
- The military factor
- Afghanistan
- The social factor
- The nuclear factor
On January 1, 1991, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, covering some 8,650,000 square miles (22,400,000 square km), nearly one-sixth of Earth’s land surface. Its population numbered more than 290 million, and 100 distinct nationalities lived within its borders. It also boasted an arsenal of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, ...
When Mikhail Gorbachev was named general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on March 11, 1985, his primary domestic goals were to jump-start the moribund Soviet economy and to streamline the cumbersome government bureaucracy. When his initial attempts at reform failed to yield significant results, he instituted the policies...
By some measures, the Soviet economy was the world’s second largest in 1990, but shortages of consumer goods were routine and hoarding was commonplace. It was estimated that the Soviet black market economy was the equivalent of more than 10 percent of the country’s official GDP. Economic stagnation had hobbled the country for years, and the perestr...
It is a widely held belief that Soviet defense spending accelerated dramatically in response to the presidency of Ronald Reagan and proposals such as the Strategic Defense Initiative. In fact, the Soviet military budget had been trending upward since at least the early 1970s, but Western analysts were left with best guesses in regard to hard number...
In addition to budgetary matters, the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan (1979–89) was a key military factor in the breakup of the U.S.S.R. The Soviet army, lionized for its role in World War II and a vital tool in the repression of the Hungarian Revolution and Prague Spring, had waded into a quagmire in a region known as the Graveyard of Empires. A...
On January 31, 1990, McDonald’s opened its first restaurant in Moscow. The image of the Golden Arches in Pushkin Square seemed like a triumph of Western capitalism, and customers lined up around the block for their first taste of a Big Mac. But such a display was not uncommon in the final years of the Soviet Union; Muscovites queued just as long fo...
Throughout the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the United States teetered on the edge of mutual nuclear destruction. What few had considered, however, was that the Soviet Union would be brought down by an incident involving a civilian nuclear plant. Gorbachev had been in power for just over a year when, on April 26, 1986, the Unit 4 reactor at the C...
Topalov believes that Kramnik wants to keep the title without defending it over the board, and predicts that he will not play in Mexico. In the interview there is repeated mention of "cables". These were allegedly found in Kramnik's bathroom early during the match. We will follow up on this story.
Feb 17, 2011 · Reform, Coup and Collapse: The End of the Soviet State. By Professor Archie Brown. Last updated 2011-02-17. Professor Archie Brown explains the reasons behind the dramatic collapse of the Soviet...
Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate? Why did the Communist Party of the Soviet Union fall from power? An important reason was that the struggle in the field of ideology was extremely intense, completely negating the history of the Soviet Union, negating the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, negating Lenin, negating Stalin ...
Nov 12, 2015 · The winner in San Luis 2005 was the Bulgarian grandmaster Veselin Topalov. Soon after, a reunification match between Topalov and Kramnik was organized, to finally end the split in the chess world. During and before this match, Topalov was called the world champion.
People also ask
Why does Topalov think Kramnik will not play in Mexico?
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What did Topalov say about Kramnik's chess team?
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May 17, 2020 · As history shows, the official dissolution of the USSR on the 26th of December 1991 marks the end of the cold war, but how did the Russian superpower fall from such heights? What reasons led to the weakening and eventual dissolution of the Soviet communist empire?
