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- Overview
- Microsoft release flow
- Differences from GitHub Flow
- Implementation details
- Git repository workflow
- Summary
Microsoft strives to use One Engineering System to build and deploy all Microsoft products with a solid DevOps process centered on a Git branching and release flow. This article highlights practical implementation, how the system scales from small services to massive platform development needs, and lessons learned from using the system across various Microsoft teams.
Adopting a standardized development process is an ambitious undertaking. The requirements of different Microsoft organizations vary greatly, and requirements of different teams within organizations scale with size and complexity. To address these varied needs, Microsoft uses a trunk-based branching strategy to help develop products quickly, deploy them regularly, and deliver changes safely to production.
Branch
To fix a bug or implement a feature, a developer creates a new branch off the main integration branch. The Git lightweight branching model creates these short-lived topic branches for every code contribution. Developers commit early and avoid long-running feature branches by using feature flags.
Push
When the developer is ready to integrate and ship changes to the rest of the team, they push their local branch to a branch on the server, and open a pull request. Repositories with several hundred developers working in many branches use a naming convention for server branches to alleviate confusion and branch proliferation. Developers usually create branches named users/ /feature, where is their account name.
Pull request
Pull requests control topic branch merges into the main branch and ensure that branch policies are satisfied. The pull request process builds the proposed changes and runs a quick test pass. The first- and second-level test suites run around 60,000 tests in less than five minutes. This isn't the complete Microsoft test matrix, but is enough to quickly give confidence in pull requests. Next, other members of the team review the code and approve the changes. Code review picks up where the automated tests left off, and is particularly useful for spotting architectural problems. Manual code reviews ensure that other engineers on the team have visibility into the changes and that code quality remains high.
GitHub Flow is a popular trunk-based development release flow for organizations to implement a scalable approach to Git. However, some organizations find that as their needs grow, they must diverge from parts of the GitHub Flow.
For example, an often overlooked part of GitHub Flow is that pull requests must deploy to production for testing before they can merge to the main branch. This process means that all pull requests wait in the deployment queue for merge.
Some teams have several hundred developers working constantly in a single repository, who can complete over 200 pull requests into the main branch per day. If each pull requests requires a deployment to multiple Azure data centers across the globe for testing, developers spend time waiting for branches to merge, instead of writing software.
Instead, Microsoft teams continue developing in the main branch and batch up deployments into timed releases, usually aligned with a three-week sprint cadence.
Git repository strategy
Different teams have different strategies for managing their Git repositories. Some teams keep the majority of their code in one Git repository. Code is broken up into components, each in its own root-level folder. Large components, especially older components, may have multiple subcomponents that have separate subfolders within the parent component. Adjunct repositories Some teams also manage adjunct repositories. For instance, build and release agents and tasks, the VS Code extension, and open-source projects are developed on GitHub. Configuration changes check in to a separate repository. Other packages that the team depends on come from other places and are consumed via NuGet. Mono repo or multi-repo While some teams elect to have a single monolithic repository, the mono-repo, other Microsoft products use a multi-repo approach. Skype, for instance, has hundreds of small repositories that stitch together in various combinations to create many different clients, services, and tools. Especially for teams that embrace microservices, multi-repo can be the right approach. Usually, older products that began as monoliths find a mono-repo approach to be the easiest transition to Git, and their code organization reflects that. Adjunct repositories Some teams also manage adjunct repositories. For instance, build and release agents and tasks, the VS Code extension, and open-source projects are developed on GitHub. Configuration changes check in to a separate repository. Other packages that the team depends on come from other places and are consumed via NuGet.
Within the repository and branch structure, developers do their daily work. Working environments vary heavily by team and by individual. Some developers prefer the command line, others like Visual Studio, and others work on different platforms. The structures and policies in place on Microsoft repositories ensure a solid and consistent foundation.
A typical workflow involves the following common tasks:
The release flow model is at the heart of how Microsoft develops with DevOps to deliver online services. This model uses a simple, trunk-based branching strategy. But instead of keeping developers stuck in a deployment queue, waiting to merge their changes, the Microsoft release flow lets developers keep working.
This release model also allows deploying new features across Azure data centers at a regular cadence, despite the size of the Microsoft codebases and the number of developers working in them. The model also allows bringing hotfixes into production quickly and efficiently.
Aug 12, 2024 · The Microsoft 365 Developer Program includes a Microsoft 365 E5 developer subscription that you can use to create your own sandbox and develop solutions independent of your production environment. You can build Microsoft Teams apps, Office Add-ins for Word, Excel, PowerPoint, or Outlook, or SharePoint Add-ins, using Microsoft Graph, the ...
The Microsoft 365 Developer Program is designed to help you build people-centric, cross-platform productivity experiences that extend Microsoft 365. Join our program to get access to the tools, documentation, training, experts, and community events that you need to build great solutions for Microsoft 365 products and technologies, including:
- You can sign up for the developer program by using one of the following account types: Microsoft account (created by you for personal use) - Provid...
- You can only have one Microsoft 365 Developer Program account associated with your phone number. If you need to set up a new Developer Program acco...
- When you join the Microsoft 365 Developer Program, you qualify to get a free Microsoft 365 E5 developer subscription. This is a special subscriptio...
- You can have only one Microsoft 365 developer subscription through your membership in the Developer Program. If you want a new developer subscripti...
- Use your member ID to sign in to the Developer Program dashboard to access information about your subscription. This is the Microsoft account or Mi...
- Use the administrator ID that you created when you set up your developer subscription. You can find your administrator ID on the subscription tile...
- The Microsoft 365 E5 developer subscription has the same licensing and capabilities that a regular Microsoft 365 E5 subscription includes except th...
- If you created your subscription after August 25, 2019, you have a Microsoft 365 E5 Developer subscription with 25 user licenses. Customers who joi...
- Limited Power Automate use rights are included with select Office 365 licenses to allow users to customize and extend Office 365 for personal produ...
Sep 19, 2024 · If you're new to developing applications for the cloud, this series of 7 articles is the best place to start. Part 1: Azure for developers overview. Part 2: Key Azure services for developers. Part 3: Hosting applications on Azure. Part 4: Connect your app to Azure services.
Sep 23, 2024 · Developers can collaborate with citizen developers to enhance business solutions and solve complex requirements by using the platform's various extension capabilities with code. Thanks to a native integration with Azure, developers can use their cloud development skills to extend Microsoft Power Platform with different Azure services.
