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Isidor Rabi
- In 1945, Columbia University physics professor Isidor Rabi suggested that a clock could be made from a technique he developed in the 1930s called atomic beam magnetic resonance.
science.howstuffworks.com/atomic-clock4.htmWhen Was The Atomic Clock Invented? - How Atomic Clocks Work ...
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During the 1930s, the American physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi built equipment for atomic beam magnetic resonance frequency clocks. [8] [9] The accuracy of mechanical, electromechanical and quartz clocks is reduced by temperature fluctuations.
May 11, 2010 · NBS-1 Cesium Clock. 1945-- Isidor Rabi, a physics professor at Columbia University, suggests a clock could be made from a technique he developed in the 1930's called atomic beam magnetic resonance.
An outstanding example is the cesium-beam frequency standard, one of several types of "atomic clock" developed in the postwar years. This is the experimental instrument built under the supervision of Jerrold Zacharias at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1954.
- Time Measurement
- Pre-Atomic Era
- Atomic Beam Clock
- Cesium Fountain Clock
- Future Frequency Standards
Time is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities in the International System of Units (SI) . Among all the physical quantities, time interval and frequency are the ones that can be measured with least uncertainty and best resolution. Continued research and advanced technology has made it possible to realize the SI second accurate to 16 plac...
Till the end of the middle ages, different instruments which were used as clocks included great movements of the Sun, Moon, and stars, stone structures like Stonehenge, sundials, water clocks, sand glasses and marked candles . As the civilization progressed, a variety of modifications were made, but a major breakthrough in the history of clocks cam...
In an atomic clock the frequency standard is based on a transition between energy levels in a quantum system, for instance an atom, an ion, or a molecule. In the present day, the atomic clocks are the best means of measuring time. A comparison of the different frequency sources is made in . The two-volume book on atomic clocks and atomic frequency ...
In 1990s the techniques of laser cooling and trapping were demonstrated and explained by Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji and Phillips [23–25]. These techniques significantly reduced the Doppler effect, which limited the performance of the thermal beam clocks. The concept of a cesium fountain was introduced in the 1950s by Jerrold Zacharias . He planned to bui...
Present atomic frequency standards are based on microwave transitions. These are likely to be replaced with frequency standards based on a forbidden transition in the optical frequency region. With similar linewidth as for microwave frequency standards, standards with optical transition have much higher resonance frequency (1015) and thus can be ac...
- Poonam Arora, Amrita Awasthi, Vattikonda Bharath, Aishik Acharya, Suchi Yadav, Ashish Agarwal, Amita...
- 2014
Feb 4, 2014 · The atomic clock was invented at NIST in 1949 (then the National Bureau of Standards), and atomic clocks quickly became more accurate than any other timekeeping technologies. Atomic clocks began to have notable impacts on other technologies about 20 years later.
- Laura Ost
In 1945, Columbia University physics professor Isidor Rabi suggested that a clock could be made from a technique he developed in the 1930s called atomic beam magnetic resonance.
The idea of using atomic resonance to measure time was proposed as early as the nine-teenth century by Maxwell, Thomson and Tait in 1873 [12]. Many years later, in 1945, use of an atomic beam magnetic resonanceas the basis of a clock was put forwardby Rabi [13]. Ramsey and Silsbee in 1947 [14] invented the separated oscillatory field method for
