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Oct 14, 2022 · Hypertension can damage blood vessels and organs, leading to serious conditions such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments of hypertension and its complications from this article.
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What is hypertension? A Mayo Clinic expert explains.
Learn more about hypertension from nephrologist Leslie Thomas, M.D. High blood pressure is a common condition that affects the body's arteries. It's also called hypertension. If you have high blood pressure, the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls is consistently too high. The heart has to work harder to pump blood. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). In general, hypertension is a blood pressure reading of 130/80 mm Hg or higher. The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association divide blood pressure into four general categories. Ideal blood pressure is categorized as normal.)
Most people with high blood pressure have no symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. You can have high blood pressure for years without any symptoms.
A few people with high blood pressure may have:
•Headaches
•Shortness of breath
•Nosebleeds
However, these symptoms aren't specific. They usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.
Blood pressure screening is an important part of general health care. How often you should get your blood pressure checked depends on your age and overall health.
Ask your provider for a blood pressure reading at least every two years starting at age 18. If you're age 40 or older, or you're 18 to 39 with a high risk of high blood pressure, ask for a blood pressure check every year.
Your care provider will likely recommend more-frequent readings if have high blood pressure or other risk factors for heart disease.
Children age 3 and older may have blood pressure measured as a part of their yearly checkups.
If you don't regularly see a care provider, you may be able to get a free blood pressure screening at a health resource fair or other locations in your community. Free blood pressure machines are also available in some stores and pharmacies. The accuracy of these machines depends on several things, such as a correct cuff size and proper use of the machines. Ask your health care provider for advice on using public blood pressure machines.
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Primary hypertension, also called essential hypertension
For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure is called primary hypertension or essential hypertension. It tends to develop gradually over many years. Plaque buildup in the arteries, called atherosclerosis, increases the risk of high blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension
This type of high blood pressure is caused by an underlying condition. It tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Conditions and medicines that can lead to secondary hypertension include:
High blood pressure has many risk factors, including:
•Age. The risk of high blood pressure increases with age. Until about age 64, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure after age 65.
•Race. High blood pressure is particularly common among Black people. It develops at an earlier age in Black people than it does in white people.
•Family history. You're more likely to develop high blood pressure if you have a parent or sibling with the condition.
•Obesity or being overweight. Excess weight causes changes in the blood vessels, the kidneys and other parts of the body. These changes often increase blood pressure. Being overweight or having obesity also raises the risk of heart disease and its risk factors, such as high cholesterol.
•Lack of exercise. Not exercising can cause weight gain. Increased weight raises the risk of high blood pressure. People who are inactive also tend to have higher heart rates.
The excessive pressure on the artery walls caused by high blood pressure can damage blood vessels and body organs. The higher the blood pressure and the longer it goes uncontrolled, the greater the damage.
Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to complications including:
•Heart attack or stroke. Hardening and thickening of the arteries due to high blood pressure or other factors can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications.
•Aneurysm. Increased blood pressure can cause a blood vessel to weaken and bulge, forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can be life-threatening.
•Heart failure. When you have high blood pressure, the heart has to work harder to pump blood. The strain causes the walls of the heart's pumping chamber to thicken. This condition is called left ventricular hypertrophy. Eventually, the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing heart failure.
•Kidney problems. High blood pressure can cause the blood vessels in the kidneys to become narrow or weak. This can lead to kidney damage.
•Alcohol: Does it affect blood pressure?
•Alpha blockers
•Angiotensin II receptor blockers
•Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
•Anxiety: A cause of high blood pressure?
•Beta blockers
Learn about the symptoms, causes, risk factors and complications of high blood pressure, also called hypertension. Find out how to prevent, treat and manage this common condition that affects the body's arteries.
Mar 16, 2023 · Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a common but serious condition that can cause heart, brain and kidney damage. Learn about the risk factors, symptoms, treatment and prevention of hypertension from WHO, the global health authority.
- Damage to your arteries. Healthy arteries are flexible, strong and elastic. Their inner lining is smooth so that blood flows freely, supplying vital organs and tissues with nutrients and oxygen.
- Damage to your heart. High blood pressure can cause many problems for your heart, including: Coronary artery disease. Arteries narrowed and damaged by high blood pressure have trouble supplying blood to your heart.
- Damage to your brain. Your brain depends on a nourishing blood supply to work properly. But high blood pressure can cause several problems, including: Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
- Damage to your kidneys. Kidneys filter excess fluid and waste from your blood — a process that requires healthy blood vessels. High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in and leading to your kidneys.
May 8, 2024 · Learn how hypertension can lead to heart, kidney, brain, and eye problems, as well as sexual dysfunction. Find out how to prevent and treat hypertension and its complications with lifestyle and medication strategies.
- Kristeen Cherney
Complications of hypertension are clinical outcomes that result from persistent elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension is a risk factor for all clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since it is a risk factor for atherosclerosis itself.
May 6, 2024 · Learn how high blood pressure (hypertension) can damage your arteries, heart, kidneys, eyes and more. Find out how to prevent, control and treat hypertension and its complications.
