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Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Russian: Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров; 21 May 1921 – 14 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world.
May 17, 2024 · Andrey Sakharov (born May 21, 1921, Moscow, Russia—died December 14, 1989, Moscow) was a Soviet nuclear theoretical physicist, an outspoken advocate of human rights, civil liberties, and reform in the Soviet Union as well as rapprochement with noncommunist nations. In 1975 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
The father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, Andrei Sakharov, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1975 for his opposition to the abuse of power and his work for human rights. The leaders of the Soviet Union reacted with fury, and refused Sakharov permission to travel to Oslo to receive the Prize.
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The Nobel Peace Prize 1975 was awarded to Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov "for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union, for disarmament and cooperation between all nations"
- A Call to Protect Dissidents
- Pushing The Us to Make Human Rights A Priority
- Sakharov and The Helsinki Process
- ‘Our Duty Is to Sakharov’S Name’
- How Sakharov Is Remembered Today
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Sakharov’s transformation from a pillar of the Soviet scientific establishment to persecuted dissident began in 1968 with his essay “Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom”. In it, Sakharov argued the world could avoid nuclear apocalypse and ecological disaster through the “convergence” of the socialist and capitalis...
Undaunted by the intensifying harassment, Sakharov threw down the gauntlet to the Kremlin by addressing an open letter to the US Congressin support of a bold human rights initiative. Under the terms of a proposed amendment to the 1974 Trade Act (called the Jackson-Vanik amendment), a US-Soviet trade agreement would be made conditional on the liftin...
No less important was Sakharov’s influence on the Helsinki Process, a series of East-West conferences on security and cooperation in Europe. Launched by the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, the Helsinki Process was widely perceived as a Western defeat because it appeared to recognise Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. Sakharov, however,...
During his seven-year ordeal in the closed city of Gorky, Sakharov spoke to the world more often through hunger strikes than by words. His treatment cast a vast shadow over Soviet relations with both the US and Western Europe. In response to the mounting pressure, Gorbachev astonished the world in 1986 by personally telephoningSakharov and requesti...
Each year, the European Parliament’s prestigious Sakharov Prizereminds rights defenders around the world of Sakharov’s tireless efforts to protect human rights. In Russia, however, his legacy remains contested. The Putin regime marked the centenary of Sakharov’s birth this May with a commemorative coin and a statement that praised Sakharov’s contri...
Learn how the brilliant scientist and nuclear weapons expert became the most famous Soviet dissident and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Discover his role in shaping US-Soviet relations, the Helsinki Process and the end of the Cold War.
The Nobel Peace Prize laureate of 1975 delivered a lecture on the interdependence of peace, progress, and human rights, and the challenges of global polarization and ecological crisis. He advocated for freedom of information, conscience, and movement, and criticized the totalitarian regimes of the Soviet Union and China.
Learn about the life and legacy of Andrei Sakharov, the Soviet scientist who developed the hydrogen bomb and became a champion of human rights and democracy. Read how he faced persecution, exile, and death threats for his courageous advocacy of freedom and reform.
