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Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba (29 October 1507 – 11 December 1582), known as the Grand Duke of Alba (Spanish: Gran Duque de Alba, Portuguese: Grão Duque de Alba) in Spain and Portugal and as the Iron Duke (Dutch: IJzeren Hertog or shortly 'Alva') in the Netherlands, was a Spanish noble, general and diplomat.
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er duque de Alba was a Spanish soldier and statesman famous for his conquest of Portugal (1580) and notorious for his tyranny as governor-general of the Netherlands (1567–73).
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd duke de Alba, (born Oct. 29, 1507, Piedrahita, Old Castile, Spain—died Dec. 11, 1582, Lisbon), Spanish soldier. He commanded Charles V ’s imperial armies to defeat the Schmalkaldic League in 1547, and he served as viceroy of Naples (1556–59).
May 1, 1984 · For many Protestants, Alba still is the Black Legend personified: the cruel architect of the Council of Troubles that ruthlessly attempted to suppress heresy in the Low Countries between 1567 and 1576 and a name, in Dutch history at least, that has become a synonym for terror and fear.
- William S. Maltby
- 1983
The age that the character seems to be suggests that the original painting was made in Augsburg in 1550 when Charles V, Prince Philip, Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo and the painter met there. The original painting was to be found in the royal collections and would be one of those mentioned in the inventories of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba, known as the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and Portugal and as the Iron Duke in the Netherlands, was a Spanish noble, general and diplomat.
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Álvarez de Toledo, Fernando. Duque de Alba de Tormes (III). Piedrahíta (Ávila), 29.X.1507 – Lisboa (Portugal), 12.XII.1582. Diplomático, gobernador de los Países Bajos y del Milanesado, virrey de Nápoles y Portugal. El que fue III duque de Alba, conocido como el Gran Duque, también sucedió en el título de marqués de Coria (III) y en ...
