2012
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Philip Craik is known for A Dark Reflection (2015), Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady (2012) and Dragons' Den (2005).
Philip Craik Active - 2012 - 2015 | Genres - Drama , Romance , Comedy , Crime , Mystery-Suspense | Subgenres - Space Opera , Biographical Film , Coming-Of-Age Fiction , Treasure Hunt Film , Buddy Film
Nothing but Thieves is the debut studio album by English alternative rock band Nothing but Thieves. It was released on 16 October 2015 in the UK through Sony Music Entertainment, [5] and on 5 February 2016 in the US through RCA Victor. [6]
- Alternative Rock Indie Rock Hard Rock
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- Description of The Theory
- Mental Models in Discourse
- Mental Models in Perception
- Mental Models and Visual Images
- Reasoning in Mental Models
- Problems with Mental Models
Mental models are thought to be the result of several cognitive processes, and they are assumed to play a role in central cognitive processes like comprehension, reasoning, and discourse. They are internally generated models of situations, scenes, or objects and can play a role in very different situations. But besides this, it turns out to be sur...
Mental models are considered to be representations that can be constructed during verbal discourse. Descriptions of complex situations lead us to construct a mental model of the situation and read out information that is only implicitly contained in the description. For example, by using a mental model in working memory we envisage the setting of a...
Mental models are also supposed to play a role in perception, especially in vision. Vision is characterized as a multi-stage process. It is accomplished in three separable and successive processing states often referred to as low-level, intermediate-level and high-level vision.Footnote 1 Cognitive neuropsychologists distinguish successive states in...
Other authors do not distinguish between theories of visual imagery and mental model theories. They identify mental models and visual mental images. Pictorialist theories of visual imagery understand images as mental representations that function in the way pictures do, whereas the most important relations to be discussed are spatial relations. Dur...
Mental model theory as a model-theoretical method is an alternative view to formal rule theories. Formal rule theories posit that deduction depends on formal rules of inference. In contrast, the main idea in the mental model theory of deduction uses the idea that instead of rules we use a special kind of mental representation in reasoning. We const...
Mental Models: A Variety of Connected Concepts
The most pressing problem in the debate is that the notion of a mental model is unclear and that proponents do not us the same characterization of “mental model.” In other words, the central term is used both vaguely and ambiguously. Moreover, the term “mental model” is often used as an umbrella term covering all sorts of spatial representations. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence, linguistics, and psychology often seem to use mental models in this broad sense as well. Mental models are s...
Ockham's Razor
The postulation of a special format of mental representations characterized by structural isomorphism is frequently accused of being unnecessary. The reason is that alternative explanations exist which postulate symbolic representations only. According to Ockham's Razor, entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity. As a result, the postulation of mental model is not warranted, or so the argument goes. A standard reply is that the legitimacy of a postulated entity does not only depend on...
Confusing Levels of Explanation? Properties of the Underlying Representations
Related to the former two issues, another group of objections is frequently mentioned: We witness a confusion of levels in mental model theory. Mental models are supposed to be high-level representations, representations at the “representational level” (Marr). At this level we postulate representations of different formats and algorithms. We deal with representations of the input and output as well as an algorithm, which transforms one into the other. Another level of analysis is the implemen...
- Verena Gottschling
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Philip R. Craig (December 10, 1933 – May 8, 2007) was a writer known for his Martha's Vineyard mysteries. Biography. He was born in Santa Monica and raised on a cattle ranch near Durango, Colorado. In 1951 he attended Boston University intending to become a minister, and got a degree in 1957.
