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- Amidst the disasters of Russia’s war with Japan and the revolutionary unrest and calls for political reform of 1905, the Grand Duke assumed the posts of Commander-in-Chief of the St. Petersburg Military District and Chairman of a newly created State Defence Council, intended to provide cohesion to Russia’s organs of state security, reform the empire’s military institutions and coordinate war planning.
encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/nikolai-nikolaevich-grand-duke-of-russia/Nikolaĭ Nikolaevich, Grand Duke of Russia - 1914-1918-Online
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Nicholas was a Russian grand duke and army officer who served as commander in chief against the Germans and Austro-Hungarians in the first year of World War I and was subsequently (until March 1917) Emperor Nicholas II’s viceroy in the Caucasus and commander in chief against the Turks.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Nikolai Nikolaevich, a senior Russian officer and close relative of Tsar Nicholas II, was involved in attempts to reform the Russian army from 1905. He was named Commander-in-Chief at the onset of war in 1914 but was removed a year later following military reversals and disquieting ventures into civilian administration.
Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (1856-1929) was Commander in Chief of the Russian army during the first year of the First World War and, for the briefest moment, at the end of Tsar Nicholas II's reign.
THE DEFEAT IN EAST PRUSSIA did not dent Nikolai Nikolaevich’s enthusiasm for offensive operations. On 4 (17) September, General Laguiche reported to Ambassador Paléologue, “the Grand Duke has no intention of slowing down by engaging in sieges nor of advancing toward Vienna....
On August 23, 1915, Emperor Nicholas II took over as commander in chief. Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Younger was appointed viceroy in the Caucasus and commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Front.¹ At the start of 1917, Nikolai Nikolayevich did not support the revolution.
After the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive in 1915, Tsar Nicholas replaced the Grand Duke as commander-in-chief of the army. He later was a successful commander-in-chief in the Caucasus region. He was briefly recognized as emperor in 1922 in areas controlled by the White movement in the Russian Far East.
The Russian Tsar Nicholas II replaces Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.
