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    According to Zoroastrian Cosmology, the universe is the manifestation of perpetual conflict between Existence and non-existence, Good and evil and light and darkness. the universe will remain in this state for 12000 years; at the time of resurrection, the two elements will be separated again.

    • History of Cosmology & Astronomy
    • Cosmological Missions & Instruments
    • Common Cosmological Questions
    • Additional Resources
    • Bibliography

    Humanity's understanding of the universe has evolved significantly over time. In the early history of astronomy, Earth was regarded as the center of all things, with planets and stars orbiting it. In the 16th century, Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus suggested that Earth and the other planets in the solar system in fact orbited the sun, creatin...

    Launched in November 1989, NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer(COBE) took precise measurements of radiation across the sky. The mission operated until 1993. Although NASA's Hubble Space Telescope is probably best known for its astounding images, a primary missionwas cosmological. By more accurately measuring the distances to Cepheid variables, stars ...

    What came before the Big Bang? Because of the enclosed and finite nature of the universe, we cannot see "outside" of our own universe. Space and time began with the Big Bang. While there are a number of speculations about the existence of other universes, there is no practical way to observe them, and as such there will never be any evidence for (o...

    You can read more about cosmology and the foundations of the Big Bang model in Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe's Introduction to Cosmology by NASA. For more answers to common cosmology questions, go to NASA's Ask an Astrophysicist page.

    "Edwin Hubble and the Expanding Universe". Scientific American (1993). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24941551 "Illuminating the Dark Universe". Science (2003). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.302.5653.2038 "The Collision Time of the Observable Universe is 13.8 Billion Years per Planck time: A New Understanding of the Cosmos based on Coll...

  3. This timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries is a chronological record of the development of humanity's understanding of the cosmos over the last two-plus millennia. Modern cosmological ideas follow the development of the scientific discipline of physical cosmology.

  4. May 2, 2019 · Our modern picture of the universe started to come together only in the 1920s, shortly after Albert Einstein developed the theory of general relativity, a mathematical framework that describes...

  5. Aug 16, 2024 · The most popular theory of our universe's origin centers on a cosmic cataclysm unmatched in all of historythe big bang. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) captured this image of the iconic...

  6. The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology. Research published in 2015 estimates the earliest stages of the universe's existence as taking place 13.8 billion years ago, with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level.

  7. Cosmology is the scientific study of the universe as a unified whole, from its earliest moments through its evolution to its ultimate fate. The currently accepted cosmological model is the big bang. In this picture, the expansion of the universe started in an intense explosion 13.8 billion years ago.