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Aug 2, 2019 · In this paper I review the problematic relationship between science and philosophy; in particular, I will address the question of whether science needs philosophy, and I will offer some positive perspectives that should be helpful in developing a synergetic relationship between the two.
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- Foundations of Science
Foundations of Science focuses on significant methodological...
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Oct 21, 2003 · Historians of philosophy of science investigate, among other things, Kant’s work in the conceptual foundations of physics — in particular, his matter theory, his theory of motion, and his account of the basic laws of mechanics.
- Eric Watkins, Marius Stan
- 2003
- Logical Empiricism
- Critical Rationalism
- The Kuhnian View
- Postmodernism
- Constructivism
- Relativism
By the early 20th Century, the notion that science is based on experience (i.e., empiricism) and logic, where knowledge is intersubjectively testable, has had a long history. The philosophical school of logical empiricism (or logical positivism) tried to formalize these ideas. Notably, utilizing the tools of mathematical logic, which had matured ex...
While empiricism historically was shaped by the insights of John Locke and David Hume, that all knowledge stems from experience, rationalism was crucially influenced by René Descartes and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: knowledge can have aspects that do not stem from experience, i.e., there is an immanent reality to the mind. The critical rationalists ...
Thomas Kuhn’s enormously influential work on the history of science is called the The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn 1962). He irrevocably overthrew the idealized notion that science is an incremental process accumulating more and more knowledge. Instead, he identified the following phases in the evolution of science: 1. 1. prehistory: m...
Modernism describes the development of the Western industrialized society since the beginning of the 19th Century. Central ideas were the understanding that there exist objective true beliefs and that progression is always linear, steadily improving the status quo. Postmodernism replaces these notions with the conviction that many different opinion...
Kuhn’s analysis challenges the objective and universal nature of scientific knowledge. In essence, this knowledge is demoted to an edifice contingent upon the idiosyncrasies of human beings and their social and cultural imprintings. This predicament is lamented by Weinberg (2003, p. 190f.): Furthermore (Weinberg 2003, p. 192): This impact of the so...
Constructivism opens the door to the next epistemic threat: relativism. If knowledge is constructed and hence contingent, then it can be rational for a group A to believe a fact \mathcal {P}, while at the same time it is rational for group B to believe in negation of \mathcal {P}. Again, in the words of Weinberg (2003, p. 192): Relativism is the an...
- James B. Glattfelder
- jbg@jth.ch
- 2019
Nov 29, 2022 · A scientific theory explains why or how natural phenomena occur. A scientific law is a statement or mathematical equation that describes or predicts a natural phenomenon. It does not explain why or how a phenomenon occurs. Another name for a scientific law is a law of nature or law of science.
Jan 17, 2022 · A law is a statement about an observed phenomenon or a unifying concept, according to Kennesaw State University. "There are four major concepts in science: facts, hypotheses,...
Apr 29, 2003 · Philosophers of science and metaphysicians address various issues about laws, but the basic question is: What is it to be a law? Two influential answers are the systems approach (Lewis, 1973, 1983, 1986, 1994) and the universals approach (Armstrong, 1978, 1983, 1991, 1993).
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Sep 5, 2024 · philosophy of science, the study, from a philosophical perspective, of the elements of scientific inquiry. This article discusses metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical issues related to the practice and goals of modern science.
