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- Silesia is a historical region in east–central Europe spanning the territory named Magna Germania by Tacitus. It is encircled by the upper and middle Oder (Odra) River, upper Vistula River, and the Sudetes and Carpathian mountain ranges. The largest portion lies within the borders of Poland; the rest is within the Czech Republic and Germany.
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After World War I, a part of Silesia, Upper Silesia, was contested by Germany and the newly independent Second Polish Republic. The League of Nations organized a plebiscite to decide the issue in 1921.
Aug 27, 2024 · Silesia is now divided principally into four Polish województwa (provinces): Lubuskie, Dolnośląskie, Opolskie, and Śląskie. The remainder of the historical region forms part of Brandenburg and Saxony Länder (states) of Germany and part of the Moravia-Silesia kraj (region) of the Czech Republic.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
After a first plebiscite, Upper Silesia was to stay part of Germany's territory. However, after the Silesian Uprisings, the area was divided in accord with the German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia.
- Prehistory
- Ancient History
- Early Medieval Slavic Tribes
- Great Moravia and Duchy of Bohemia
- Kingdom of Poland
- Silesian Duchies
- Kingdom of Bohemia
- Habsburg Monarchy
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Ethnolinguistic Structure of Prussian Silesia
The first signs of humans in Silesia date to between 230,000 and 100,000 years ago. The Silesian region between the upper Vistula and upper Oder was the northern extreme of the human penetration at the time of the last glaciation. The anatomically modern human is estimated to have arrived in Silesia about 35,000 years ago. Subsequently, Silesia was...
The first written sources about Silesia came from the Egyptian Ptolemy (Magna Germania) and the Roman Tacitus (Germania). According to Tacitus, the 1st century AD Silesia was inhabited by a multi-ethnic league dominated by the Lugii. The Silingi were also part of this federation, and most likely a Vandalic people (Germanic) that lived south of the ...
Sources describing Silesia of the 9th and 10th centuries, such as the Bavarian Geographer (c.AD 845) or Thietmar's Chronicle, indicate that the area which later became known as Silesia, was back then inhabited by several Lechitic tribes, known from written sources under their Latinised names. The Sleenzane (Slenzans; Ślężanie) lived in lands near m...
In the 9th century, parts of Silesia's territory came under the influence of Great Moravia, the first historically attested state in the region. After Great Moravia's decline one of its successors, Bohemia, gradually conquered Silesia. At the beginning of the 10th century Vratislaus I subdued the Golensize and soon afterwards seized Middle Silesia....
At the end of the 9th century Silesia came within the sphere of influence of two neighbours, the Holy Roman Empire and Poland. In 971, in order to proselytise Silesia to Christianity, Holy Roman emperor Otto I donated the tithe of the Dziadoszyce area to the Diocese of Meissen, and in 996 Otto III defined the Oder up to the spring as the border of ...
After the death of Henry II the Pious his realm was divided between various Piast dukes. In the second half of the 13th century, Henry II's grandson, Henryk IV Probus of Silesia, made an attempt to gain the Polish crown, but he died in 1290 before realizing his goal. Duke Przemysł II of Greater Poland united two of the original provinces and was cr...
Despite formal papal consent for the coronation, Wladyslaw's right to the crown was disputed by successors of Wenceslaus III (a king of both Bohemia and Poland) on the Bohemian throne. In 1327 John of Bohemia invaded. In 1327/29 the majority of the dukes of Silesia became dukes of Bohemia, while in 1331 the Duchy of Głogów and in 1336 the Duchy of ...
After the death of King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in 1526, Ferdinand I of Austria was elected King of Bohemia and thus ruler of the Crown of Bohemia (including Silesia). In 1537, the Piast Duke Frederick II of Brieg concluded the Treaty of Brieg with Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, whereby the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg would inherit the...
In 1740, the annexation of Silesia by King Frederick II the Great of Prussia was welcomed by many Silesians, not only by Protestants or Germans. Frederick based his claims on the Treaty of Brieg, and his 1740 invasion began the First Silesian War (part of the War of the Austrian Succession). By war's end, the Kingdom of Prussia had conquered almost...
The earliest exact census figures on ethnolinguistic or national structure (Nationalverschiedenheit) of the Prussian-ruled part of Upper Silesia, come from year 1819. The last pre-WW1 general census figures available, are from 1910 (if not including the 1911 census of school children - Sprachzählung unter den Schulkindern - which revealed a higher ...
In 1945, Silesia (Śląsk) became part of Poland; the vast majority of the German-speaking population resettled in various parts of Western and Eastern Germany, while Polish citizens moved in, many of them coming from areas of eastern Poland, such as the region of Lwów (now Lviv; in German, Lemberg), which had become part of Ukraine and thus ...
During World War II Polish Silesia was occupied by Germany and was the site of atrocities against the population by Nazi and, later, Soviet forces. In 1945 the Allied powers assigned virtually all of Silesia to Poland; today its nine Polish provinces contain almost one-fourth of Poland’s population.
Silesia is a historical region in central Europe spanning the territory named Magna Germania by Tacitus. It is encircled by the upper and middle Oder (Odra) River, upper Vistula River, and the Sudeten and Carpathian mountain ranges. It consists largely of the river basin and is bound by the Kraków-Wielun plateau to the northeast.
