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Bowdoin College
- He entered Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, in the fall of 1821 at the age of seventeen.
www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-introduction-to-nathaniel-hawthorne/hawthornes-life/3F6479717F59590AA8FD3D230647B5C2Hawthorne's life (Chapter 1) - The Cambridge Introduction to ...
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What are Hawthorne studies?
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The original research involved workers who made electrical relays at the Hawthorne Works, a Western Electric plant in Cicero, Illinois. Between 1924 and 1927, the lighting study was conducted, wherein workers experienced a series of lighting changes that were said to increase productivity.
Baker Library’s exhaustive archival record of the experiments reveals the art and science of this seminal behavioral study—and the questions and theories it generated about the relationship of productivity to the needs and motivations of the industrial worker.
The most thorough modern biography is James R. Mellow's Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times (1980). As his title suggests, Mellow pays attention to the historical and social context of Hawthorne's experience, and he provides detailed accounts of events in Hawthorne's life.
In 1966, Roethlisberger and William Dickson published Counseling in an Organization, which revisited lessons gained from the experiments. Roethlisberger described “the Hawthorne effect” as the phenomenon in which subjects in behavioral studies change their performance in response to being observed.
The Hawthorne studies are credited with focusing managerial strategy on the socio-psychological aspects of human behavior in organizations. The following video from the AT&T archives contains interviews with individuals who participated in these studies.
How did Mayo’s studies at the Hawthorne plant contribute to the understanding of human motivation? What is the Hawthorne effect? Was the practice of dimming and brightening the lights ethical?
What were the Hawthorne Studies? The Hawthorne Studies were a series of experiments on worker productivity conducted at the Hawthorne Works of Western Electric Company in Chicago between 1924 and 1932.
