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Falsafa is a Greek loanword meaning "philosophy" (the Greek pronunciation philosophia became falsafa). From the 9th century onward, due to Caliph al-Ma'mun and his successor, ancient Greek philosophy was introduced among the Arabs and the Peripatetic School began to find able representatives.
Islamic philosophy grew out of the desire by learned members of the community to uphold the authority of Islamic revelation against arguments increasingly posed by members of the many divergent peoples who were living in lands united by the conquests of the seventh and eighth centuries.
- Hossein Ziai
- 2008
- 1 Imān vs. Islam
- 2 Islamic Evidentialism
- 3 Moderate Evidentialism
- 4 Islamic Anti-Evidentialism
- 5 Moderate Anti-Evidentialism
There are a myriad of ways in which one could take the broader meaning of this hadith. One naturally might interpret it as emphasizing that merely acting in accordance with the prescriptions one finds in the Koran (such as testifying that there is no God but God, or performing the pilgrimage to the Kaʿba) is necessary but not sufficient if one want...
The Abbasid Caliphate ruled the Islamic empire from 750 to 1258, when it was broken up by the Mongol invasions and their sack of Baghdad, the Abbasid seat of power, in 1258. The Islamic empire was enormous during this time, encompassing most of the modern-day Middle East, Iran, and North Africa (Islamic Spain, al-Andalus, existed as the independent...
The philosophers al-Farabi (872–950), Avicenna (980–1037), and Averroes (1126–1198) are probably the most well known of the Islamic philosophers. Their individual views on the ethics of belief together constitute a broadly unified view of such an ethics (though, of course, there are certainly important differences between their individual stances)....
Ashʿarite theology is one of the most important, if not the most important, theological movements in Islam. It begins with its founder, al-Ashʿarī, defecting from Muʿtazilism and embracing Sunni Hanbalite theology, in particular its reverence for revelation over reason. According to folklore, al-Ashʿarī did so on considering the story of the “three...
As I have already mentioned, one the most pressing problems facing Islamic anti-Evidentialism concerns how to discern true from counterfeit prophets and prophecy. This issue is an especially relevant one for Islam, given that it counts among its sources of prophecy not just the Koran as revealed to Muhammad, but also the hadith—a collection of sayi...
This brief chapter discusses al-Ghazali’s attitude toward the tradition of Aristotelianism in Islam (falsafa). His criticism of twenty teachings held by Muslim Aristotelians (falasifa), and among them most prominently Avicenna (Ibn Sina) has often been wrongly considered a destruction of falsafa.
To the premodern Muslim, the Arabic term Falsafah did not mean “philosophy” in the sense that modern people understand the term. The common modern definition of philosophy as a body of knowledge that governs a person’s way of life, was expressed instead by the Arabic term hikmah (wisdom).
Aug 14, 2007 · Al-Ghazâlî’s critique of twenty positions of falsafa in his Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahâfut al-falâsifa) is a significant landmark in the history of philosophy as it advances the nominalist critique of Aristotelian science developed later in 14th century Europe.
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FALSAFA. Philosophical speculation in Islamic culture has triple roots in theology (kalam), philosophy proper (falsafa), and mysticism (tasawwuf). Theological Beginnings
