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      • He oversaw, in all, seven voyages that touched Calicut between 1406 CE and 1433 CE. Multi-lateral trade prospered and formal relations between the Ming dynasty and several Indian, Middle Eastern and South-East Asian countries were established.
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  2. For three additional Ming references to Calicut not available to me, see Ku-tai Nan-hai ti-ming hui-shih, p. 244. Most, if not all information on Calicut in mid and late Ming works as well as in Ch'ing works is ultimately based on MSL, YYSL, HYFKC, HCSL, TMHT, and HYCKTL.

  3. China was an important customer of Calicut pepper from the period of the Perumals until the advent of the western monopolistic mercantilist forces on the coast of Malabar towards the end of the 1 5th century.

  4. Mar 16, 2021 · The Ming Treasure Voyages extended China’s power and influence from the South China Sea, to the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. Catch the story of the admiral who led these voyages and made Calicut a pivot of China’s ambitious expansionist plans

    • How did Ming China interact with Calicut?1
    • How did Ming China interact with Calicut?2
    • How did Ming China interact with Calicut?3
    • How did Ming China interact with Calicut?4
    • How did Ming China interact with Calicut?5
  5. Chinese navigational works of the Ming period likewise underline Calicut's. function as a leading entrep?t in the area. These works may also be considered as proof that Chinese sailors were well acquainted with the Malabar coast and that Chinese merchants frequently travelled to southern India.

  6. Ming China had cordial relations with Calicut, which was valuable as they tried to extend the tributary system to the states around the Indian Ocean. [215] Ma described Calicut as the "great country of the Western Ocean" and had a positive response to the Calicut authorities' regulation of trade and attention to weights and measurements.

  7. Dec 20, 2020 · Regular visits by large Chinese treasure ships to Calicut were commonplace as witnessed by the great Moroccan traveller, Ibn Battuta, who was in Calicut around 1341 CE. There was also a formal exchange of emissaries between Ming China and Calicut.

  8. This perhaps indicates that China had been using Calicut as an entrepot much before the launch by the Ming Emperors of the Treasure Ships in the early 15th Century. The Zamorin had, thus, become Poonthurakkon (the lord of the harbour city) in full control of the city and port of Calicut as early as in the 13th Century.