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The operation, codenamed Operation Just Cause, concluded in late January 1990 with the surrender of Noriega. The Panama Defense Forces (PDF) were dissolved, and President-elect Guillermo Endara was sworn into office.
Operation Just Cause, U.S. military action (December 1989–January 1990) that centred on the invasion of Panama for the purposes of removing Gen. Manuel Noriega, the country’s dictatorial de facto ruler, from power and extraditing him to the U.S. to face charges of drug trafficking and money.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jan 31, 2023 · At 1 a.m. on Dec. 20, 1989, a joint force of nearly 26,000 American troops descended on Panama, bringing with them new vehicles and technology they'd never used before. It was the trial by fire for...
Feb 9, 2010 · Learn about the 1989 U.S. military operation to overthrow Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, who was indicted on drug trafficking charges and accused of suppressing democracy. Find out how the invasion affected Panama, the U.S., and the international community.
- Missy Sullivan
Dec 20, 2019 · Operation Just Cause, as it was dubbed by the US, saw more than 20,000 US troops invade the country and seize control of key military installations.
4 days ago · On December 17, U.S. President George Bush ordered troops to Panama, part of a plan called Operation Just Cause, with the subsequently announced aims of seizing Noriega to face drug charges in the United States, protecting American lives and property, and restoring Panamanian liberties.
Nov 17, 2008 · Learn how the U.S. Army planned and executed a rapid and successful operation to overthrow the dictator Manuel Noriega and restore democracy in Panama. The article covers the background, the challenges, the tactics, and the outcomes of Operation Just Cause.
