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Jan 1, 2010 · Botulinum toxin, also called “miracle poison,” is one of the most poisonous biological substances known. [ 1] It is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod commonly found on plants, in soil, water and the intestinal tracts of animals.
Mar 4, 2018 · Overview. Botulinum toxin (abbreviated either as BTX or BoNT) is produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. [ 1] The clinical syndrome of botulism can occur following ingestion of contaminated food, from colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract, or from a wound infection.
After Scott’s seminal studies in ophtalmology, botulinum toxins entered the therapeutic arsenal of the neurologist, first with the purpose of relieving hypercontraction of small muscles of eyelid and of the face (blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm) and larger dystonic muscles of the head and neck (cervical and oromandibular dystonia) and later to treat limb movement disorders, including use-dependent cramps (occupational dystonia) and limb spasticity (Table 5).
Jan 14, 2021 · Abstract. Since its introduction as a treatment for strabismus, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has had a phenomenal journey and is now recommended as first-line treatment for focal dystonia, despite short-term clinical benefits and the risks of adverse effects. To cater for the high demand across various medical specialties, at least six US Food and ...
Botulinum toxin injections are well-known for their use smoothing out wrinkles. They’re available under brand names such as Botox, Xeomin, Dysport, Myobloc, and Jeuveau. While wrinkle removal is the most common use, it’s not the only one. The first use for botulinum toxin injections came out decades ago. It was for treating certain eye ...
Apr 6, 2022 · Side effects from botulinum toxin injections vary depending on the area receiving treatment. Most issues are mild and improve in a day or two. Possible Botox side effects include: Pain, swelling, redness or bruising at the treatment site. Flu -like symptoms.
Botulinum toxin is a purified substance that's derived from bacteria. Injections of botulinum toxin block the nerve signals to the muscle in which it was injected. Without a signal, the muscle is not able to contract. The end result is diminished unwanted facial wrinkles or appearance. Commonly known types of botulinum toxin type A injections ...
