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e. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( / ˈəbdʊlkəˈlɑːm / ⓘ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering.
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Kalam, in Islam, speculative theology. In its early stage, it was merely a defense of Islam against other religions. It eventually adopted the dialectic of the Greek skeptics and stoics. Among the most significant practitioners of kalam was the Mu’tazilah school.
Ilm al-kalam or ilm al-lahut, often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or philosophical study of Islamic theology . It can also be defined as the science that studies the fundamental doctrines of Islamic faith ( usul al-din ), proving their validity, or refuting doubts regarding them.
The Kalam cosmological argument is a modern formulation of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. It is named after the Kalam (medieval Islamic scholasticism ) from which many of its key ideas originated. [1]
In its technical sense, “kalam” denotes the theoretical consideration of matters of religious creed, or theology. Ibn Khaldun said: it is the discipline comprised of disputation over creedal beliefs with rational proofs . Al-Ayhi said: Kalam is the discipline that enables one to affirm creedal beliefs by amassing arguments and repelling doubt .
ʿIlm al-Kalām is a branch of study on Islamic beliefs. Like any other branch of Islamic knowledge, ʿIlm al-Kalām did not develop into a separate branch of knowledge during the time of the Prophets and their Companions. Later, socio-political circumstances forced Muslim scholars to develop this into an independent branch of knowledge.
Jul 27, 2021 · Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, the former president of India, passed away on July 27, 2015. The nation remembers him every year and each time India accomplishes a feat in the area of...
In Islamic philosophy, the processes of systematic theology, or more widely the general tradition of commentary and interpretation of Islamic doctrine, which may include adducing philosophy to support elements of religious doctrine.
Kalam is an Arabic term for speech, and has several other, related, technical connotations in Islamic religious thought. Used in the phrase kalam allah it means the word of God as revealed to humankind through prophets (2:75, 9:6, and 48:15).
