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Hong Kong was a British colony and later a dependent territory of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1997, with a period of Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945 during World War 2. The colonial period began with the British occupation of Hong Kong Island under the Convention of Chuenpi in 1841 of the Victorian era.
- Trade Imbalances: Opium, Silver, and Tea
- Opium Wars
- Leasing Hong Kong
- To Lease Or Not to Lease
- Moving Toward The Handover
- Handover
- Additional References
Nineteenth-century Britain had an insatiable appetite for Chinese tea, but the Qing Dynastyand its subjects did not want to buy anything that the British produced and demanded that the British instead pay for its tea habit with silver or gold. The government of Queen Victoria did not want to use up any more of the country's reserves of gold or silv...
When the Qing government discovered that banning opium imports outright did not work—because British merchants simply smuggled the drug into China—they took more direct action. In 1839, Chinese officials destroyed 20,000 bales of opium, each chest containing 140 pounds of the narcotic drug. This move provoked Britain to declare war to protect its...
The Treaty of Nanking did not, however, resolve the opium trade dispute, and the conflict escalated again, into the Second Opium War. The settlement of that conflict was the first Convention of Peking, ratified on Oct. 18, 1860, when Britain acquired the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island (Ngong Shuen Chau). The British ...
Several times in the first half of the 20th century, Britain considered relinquishing the lease to China because the island simply wasn't important to England anymore. But in 1941, Japan seized Hong Kong. U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt tried to pressure British Prime Minister Winston Churchill(1874–1965) to return the island to China as a conces...
On Dec. 19, 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher(1925–2013) and Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang (1919–2005) signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which Britain agreed to return not only the New Territories but also Kowloon and British Hong Kong itself when the lease term expired. According to the declaration's terms, Hong Kong would b...
On July 1, 1997, the lease ended and the government of Great Britain transferred control of British Hong Kong and the surrounding territories to the People's Republic of China. The transition has been more or less smooth, although human rights issues and Beijing's desire for greater political control cause considerable friction from time to time. E...
Cheng, Joseph Y.S. "The Future of Hong Kong: A Hong Kong 'Belonger's' View." International Affairs58.3 (1982): 476–88. Print.Fung, Anthony Y.H., and Chi Kit Chan. "Post-Handover Identity: Contested Cultural Bonding Between China and Hong Kong." Chinese Journal of Communication10.4 (2017): 395–412. Print.Li, Kui-Wai. "Chapter 18—Hong Kong 1997–2047: The Political Scene." "Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development." Academic Press, 2017. 391–406. Print.Maxwell, Neville. "Sino-British Confrontation over Hong Kong." Economic and Political Weekly30.23 (1995): 1384–98. Print.- Kallie Szczepanski
Hong Kong had been a colony of the British Empire since 1841, except for four years of Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945. After the First Opium War, its territory was expanded in 1860 with the addition of Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island, and in 1898, when Britain obtained a 99-year lease for the New Territories.
What led to the handover? Britain first took over Hong Kong island in 1842, after defeating China in the First Opium War. After the Second Opium War, Beijing was forced to also cede Kowloon in...
handover of Hong Kong, transfer of the British crown colony of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty, ending 156 years of British rule. After a formal handover ceremony on July 1, 1997, the colony became the Hong Kong special administrative region (HKSAR) of the People’s Republic of China.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Qing dynasty ceded Hong Kong to the British Empire in 1842 through the Treaty of Nanjing, ending the First Opium War. Hong Kong then became a British crown colony. [2] Britain also won the Second Opium War, forcing the Qing Empire to cede Kowloon in 1860, while leasing the New Territories for 99 years from 1898. [3] [4]
Sep 3, 2019 · But between 1842 and 1898, the British Empire gradually seized control of the three main regions that make up modern-day Hong Kong: Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula and the New...
