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  1. According to some sources, the Iraqi government is supplying U.S.-provided military equipment to the militias. Iraqi minister of transportation, and the head of the Badr Organization, Hadi Al-Amiri criticized the U.S. for the lack of providing arms.

  2. Mar 19, 2024 · The Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) is an Iraqi state security service that Iran has infiltrated and uses to wield significant influence in Iraq. Iran’s cooptation of the PMF enables Tehran to pursue its objectives in Iraq while obfuscating its actual involvement in Iraqi internal affairs.

  3. May 5, 2021 · Along with Iraqi security forces, pro-government militias, known as Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF, also “Hashd al-Shaabi” in Arabic), played a significant role in defeating ISIS. Iraq's engagement with these armed groups during the fight against ISIS empowered and legitimised them within the country.

    • Beston Husen Arif
    • 2021
  4. Nov 16, 2022 · Militias aim for top intelligence seat after Sudani approved as PM. Just weeks into the job, new Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani is already having to deal with militia rivalries. To keep these in check, the Coordination Framework candidate has also named himself head of the national intelligence service.

    • The Deterrence Scorecard: Two Administrations
    • Generating Deterrence Without Trump
    • Policy Recommendations

    The first rocket attack that Iran-backed militias launched during President Biden’s tenure came just one day after his January 22 inauguration, and twenty-three more have been conducted against American targets since then. These operations met with a U.S. military response in only two instances: a February 25 strike that killed a militiaman in Syri...

    The escalation of attacks since inauguration suggests that the self-imposed “conditional truce” announced by militias on October 11, 2020, was mainly driven by fear of the Trump administration. From January 22 to the end of March, militias struck U.S. sites eight times, and from April until today, they upped that tally by a stunning nineteen strike...

    The Biden administration’s conundrum is clear—after just five months in office, it has struck Iraqi militias as often as Trump did in all of 2020, but without achieving any of the same effects. Indeed, Iran’s proxies have already brushed off the latest U.S. retaliation by shelling an American base in east Syria. Deterrence will be more effective if...

  5. Dec 31, 2019 · Dozens of angry Iraqi Shiite militia supporters broke into the U.S. Embassy compound in Baghdad on Tuesday after smashing a main door and setting fire to a reception area. The embassy breach followed deadly U.S. airstrikes on Sunday that killed 25 fighters of the Iran-backed Kataeb Hezbollah militia.

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  7. Ensuring that the Tehran-backed muqawama would never again face an existential threat was the next order of business, and the fourth section of this study will look at the skyrocketing terrorist and militia penetration of Iraq’s intelligence, military, judicial, media, and border agencies since 2022.