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  1. Oct 1, 2022 · The referendum on independence organized by the Catalan government despite the Spanish Constitutional Court's ban, ended up taking place, also due to the collaboration of a discreet network of volunteers, took place five years ago and meant the peak of tension the Spanish and Catalan administrations have witnessed since the dictator Francisco ...

  2. Spain, through its alliance with France and as part of its conflict with Britain, played a role in the independence of the United States. Spain declared war on Britain as an ally of France, itself an ally of the American colonies.

    • June 1779-September 1783
    • Spanish victoryPeace of Paris
  3. This article seeks to trace the course of the free trade controversy, which was at the center of Spain’s American policy for much of the decade between 1810 and 1820 and which affords considerable insight into the vested interest groups and motives of those who influenced Spain’s response to the independence movements.

    • Michael P. Costeloe
    • 1981
  4. 5 days ago · The Spanish regular army, led by incompetent generals, suffered defeat after defeat. The War of Independence—or, as the English call it, the Peninsular War—became for Napoleon the “Spanish ulcer,” and he attributed his defeat in Europe to its requirements for men and money.

  5. 1 day ago · The establishment of constitutional monarchies was the primary goal of the revolutions in Spain, Portugal, and Italy. Greece's revolution aimed to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire. The 1820 revolutions were the first major threat to Europe's conservative order, which had been created following Napoleon I's defeat in 1815.

  6. Feb 9, 2010 · Spain accepts Mexican independence. Eleven years after the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence, Spanish Viceroy Juan de O’Donojú signs the Treaty of Córdoba, which approves a plan to make...

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  8. With the end of the Napoleonic wars and all that entailed—the liberation of Spain, the restoration of Ferdinand VII, the reopening of sea communications, and the freeing of military forces for dispatch overseas—Spanish America seemed to have lost its best chance for independence.