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Apr 24, 2022 · Authoritative parenting is a parenting philosophy developed in the 1960s by developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind. It aims to strike a balance between structure and nurture.
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Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist, coined the following parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive/indulgent, Later, Maccoby and Martin added the uninvolved/neglectful style.
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The Authoritative parenting style is seen as the most effective approach to child-rearing. This style of parenting leads to socially responsible, competent children. In addition, children reared in this way become achievement oriented and cooperative with both adults and peers.
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- Authoritative Parenting. In general, children tend to develop greater competence and self-confidence when parents have high-but reasonable and consistent- expectations for children’s behavior, communicate well with them, are warm and responsive, and use reasoning rather than coercion to guide children’s behaviors.
- Authoritarian Parenting. Parents using the authoritarian (“rigid ruler”) approach are low in support and high in demandingness. These parents expect and demand obedience because they are “in charge” and they do not provide any explanations for their orders.
- Permissive Parenting. Parents who are high in support and low in demandingness are likely using the permissive-also called the indulgent-style. Their children tend to rank low in happiness and self-regulation, and are more likely to have problems with authority.
- Uninvolved Parenting. Children reared by parents who are low in both support and demandingness tend to rank lowest across all life domains, lack self-control, have low self-esteem, and are less competent than their peers.
- Overview
- Brief History
- Characteristics of Authoritative Parenting
- Authoritative vs. Authoritarian Styles
- Effects of Authoritative Parenting
- Why Authoritative Parenting Works
- How to Be an Authoritative Parent
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Authoritative parenting is characterized by reasonable demands and high responsiveness. While authoritative parents might have high expectations for their children, they also give them the resources and support they need to succeed.
Parents who exhibit this style listen to their kids and provide love and warmth in addition to limits and fair discipline. This approach to parenting avoids punishment and threats and instead relies on strategies such as positive reinforcement.
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During the 1960s, developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind described three different types of parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. These types were based on her research with preschool-age children.
The authoritative parenting style is sometimes referred to as "democratic." It involves a child-centric approach in which parents hold high expectations for their children backed by support and guidance.
According to Baumrind, authoritative parents share some common characteristics. Traits they exhibit include:
•Administering fair and consistent discipline when rules are broken
•Allowing their children to express opinions
•Encouraging their children to discuss options
•Expressing warmth and nurturing
•Fostering independence and reasoning
These characteristics can be contrasted with the authoritarian parenting style, which is characterized by exceedingly high expectations with little warmth and guidance.
For example, imagine a situation where two young boys steal candy from the grocery store. How each boy's parents deal with the situation characterizes the differences between these parenting styles.
In the past, child development experts influenced by Baumrind's work generally identified the authoritative parenting style as the best approach to parenting.
Research has repeatedly shown that children raised by authoritative parents tend to be more capable, happy, and successful.
According to Baumrind, children of authoritative parents:
•Are self-confident about their abilities to learn new things
•Develop good social skills
•Have good emotional control and regulation
Authoritative parents act as role models and exhibit the same behaviors they expect from their children. Because of this, their kids are more likely to internalize these behaviors and exhibit them as well. Consistent rules and discipline also allow children to know what to expect.
These parents tend to exhibit good emotional understanding and control. Their children also learn to manage their emotions and learn to understand others.
Authoritative parents also allow children to act independently. This freedom teaches kids that they are capable of accomplishing things on their own, helping to foster strong self-esteem and self-confidence.
Some parents are naturally more authoritative than authoritarian or permissive. However, this doesn't mean that you cannot adopt a more authoritative style, even though it is not your natural default.
If you are interested in becoming a more authoritative parent, there are some things you can do that may help. It can be helpful to view this parenting style as a balance between discipline, emotional control, and allowing independence.
•Set rules and communicate the guidelines, boundaries, and expectations for behavior.
•Establish consequences when rules are violated and follow through when expectations are not met.
•Be compassionate, warm, empathetic, and supportive of your child.
•Focus on building a strong, supportive relationship with your child rather than controlling everything that they do.
•Encourage your child to be independent and allow them to experience the natural consequences of their actions.
Authoritative parenting is often regarded as the ideal parenting style. It is important to recognize, however, that your own style might be a mix of different styles and your style may differ from that of your partner or co-parent. Even if authoritative parenting doesn't immediately come naturally to you, there are strategies you can u
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6 Sources
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1.Baumrind D. Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs. 1967:75(1):43-88.
2.Smetana JG. Current research on parenting styles, dimensions, and beliefs. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017;15:19-25. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.012
Baumrind views authoritative parenting as a sort of middle ground, taking the best from the authoritarian parenting style, high control, and the best from the permissive parenting style, high responsiveness.
People also ask
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Factor analyses of the data from these primarily European American, middle class samples typically identified two dimensions of parent behavior: One assessing constructs such as parental acceptance, warmth, or support and the other assessing constructs related to parental control.
