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The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (UK: / uː ˈ m aɪ j æ d /, [2] US: / uː ˈ m aɪ æ d /; [3] Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) [4] was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (691), the first major Umayyad architectural undertaking completed under the patronage of the caliph ‘Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705), was built on a prominent site formerly occupied by Solomon’s Temple and later associated with Muhammad’s ascent to heaven.
Umayyad architecture developed in the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750, primarily in its heartlands of Syria and Palestine. It drew extensively on the architecture of older Middle Eastern and Mediterranean civilizations including the Sassanian Empire and Byzantine Empire, but introduced innovations in decoration and form.
Nov 1, 2022 · After the descendants of the exiled Umayyad Caliphate came to Spain, they completely rebuilt the building and converted it into a mosque. The building was extended over the following two centuries after Prince Abd al-Rahman I, the first ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate in Spain, died in 788.
- Dusan Nikolic
Aug 22, 2024 · Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661–750). Prior to the advent of Islam, the Umayyads were a largely merchant family of the Quraysh tribe centered at Mecca. Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan was the first Umayyad caliph, ruling from 661 to 680.
- The Umayyads were the first Muslim dynasty, established in 661 in Damascus. Their dynasty succeeded the leadership of the first four caliphs—Abū Ba...
- The Umayyad dynasty centralized authority within the Islamic civilization, perhaps most notably with its fifth ruler ʿAbd al-Malik. ʿAbd al-Malik i...
- The expanse of the Umayyad empire and its program of Arabization were responsible for spreading Islam and the Arabic language over a vast area. Mor...
- The reign of the Umayyad dynasty began to unravel after the empire became overextended. By 717, the Umayyads were having trouble defending frontier...
Mass conversions brought a large influx of Muslims to the caliphate. The Umayyads also constructed famous buildings such as the Dome of the Rock at Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque at Damascus. According to one common view, the Umayyads transformed the caliphate from a religious institution (during the rashidun) to a dynastic one.
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The Umayyad caliphate (661–750) If the conquest period didn’t produce much elaborate art and architecture, the following century made up for it—many of the most impressive early Islamic monuments date to the Umayyad era.
